Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T09:54:31.819Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

An analytic study of vibrational energy harvesting using piezoelectric tiles in stairways subjected to human traffic

Part of: Applications Stochastic analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 October 2018

CONNOR EDLUND  and
SUBRAMANIAN RAMAKRISHNAN Open the ORCID record for SUBRAMANIAN RAMAKRISHNAN [Opens in a new window]
CONNOR EDLUND
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55811, USA email: [email protected]
SUBRAMANIAN RAMAKRISHNAN
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55811, USA email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This work investigates analytically, the use of piezoelectric tiles placed on stairways for vibrational energy harvesting – harnessing electrical power from natural vibrational phenomena – from pedestrian footfalls. While energy harvesting from pedestrian traffic along flat pathways has been studied in the linear regime and realised in practical applications, the greater amounts of energy naturally expended in traversing stairways suggest better prospects for harvesting. Considering the characteristics of two types of commercially available piezoelectric tiles – Navy Type III and Navy Type V – analytical models for the coupled electromechanical system are formulated. The harvesting potential of the tiles is then studied under conditions of both deterministic and carefully developed random excitation profiles for three distinct cases: linear, monostable nonlinear and an array of monostable nonlinear tiles on adjacent steps with linear coupling between them. The results indicate enhanced power output when the tiles are: (1) placed on stairways, (2) uncoupled and (3) subjected to excitation profiles with stochastic frequency. In addition, the Navy Type V tiles are seen to outperform the Navy Type III tiles. Finally, the strongly nonlinear regime outperforms the linear one suggesting that the realisation of commercially available piezoelectric tiles with appropriately tailored nonlinear characteristics will likely have a significant impact on energy harvesting from pedestrian traffic.

Keywords

Applications of stochastic analysisapplications in engineering and industrycomputational methods for stochastic equations

MSC classification

Primary: 60H30: Applications of stochastic analysis (to PDE, etc.)
Secondary: 62P30: Applications in engineering and industry 60H35: Computational methods for stochastic equations
Type
Papers
Information
European Journal of Applied Mathematics , Volume 30 , Special Issue 5: Stochastic Analysis in Applications , October 2019 , pp. 968 - 985
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adhikari, S., Friswell, M. I. & Inman, D. J. (2009) Piezoelectric energy harvesting from broadband random vibrations. Smart Mater. Struct. 18, 115005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ali, S. F., Friswell, M. I. & Adhikari, S. (2011) Analysis of energy harvesters for highway bridges. J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 22, 1929–1938.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arrieta, A. F., Hagedorn, P., Erturk, A. & Inman, D. J. (2010) A piezoelectric bistable plate for nonlinear broadband energy harvesting. Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 104102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barton, D., Burrow, S. & Clare, L. (2010) Energy harvesting from vibrations with a nonlinear oscillator. ASME J. Vib. Acoust. 132, 021009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook-Chennault, K., Thambi, N. & Sastry, A. (2008) Power mems portable devices – a review of non-regenerative power supply systems with special emphasis on piezoelectric energy harvesting systems. Smart Mater. Struct. 17, 043001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cottone, F., Vocca, H. & Gammaitoni, L. (2009) Nonlinear energy harvesting. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 8061.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daqaq, M. (2012) On intentional introduction of stiffness nonlinearities for energy harvesting under white gaussian excitations. Nonlinear Dyn. 69, 1063–1079.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daqaq, M., Masana, R., Erturk, A. & Quinn, D. (2014) On the role of nonlinearities in vibration energy harvesting: a critical review and discussion. Appl. Mech. Rev. 66, 040801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edlund, C. & Ramakrishnan, S. (2017) Nonlinear vibration energy harvesting using piezoelectric tiles in stairways. In: Proceedings of the 9th European Nonlinear Dynamics Conference, Budapest, Hungary, June 25–30, Paper No: 297.Google Scholar
Erturk, A. & Inman, D. (2008) Issues in mathematical modeling of piezoelectric energy harvesters. Smart Mater. Struct. 17, 065016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feenstra, J., Granstrom, J. & Sodano, H. (2008) Energy harvesting through a backpack employing a mechanically amplified piezoelectric stack. Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 22, 721–734.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gammaitoni, L., Cottone, F., Neri, I. & Vocca, H. (2009) Noise harvesting. AIP Conf. Proc. 1129, 651–654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gammaitoni, L., Neri, I. & Vocca, H. (2009) Nonlinear oscillators for vibration energy harvesting. Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 164102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, P., Worden, K., Atalla, K. & Sims, N. (2012) The benefits of duffing-type nonlinearities and electrical optimization of a mono-stable energy harvester under white gaussian excitations. J. Sound Vib. 331, 4504–4517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harne, R. & Wang, K. (2013) A review of the recent research in vibration energy harvesting via bistable systems. Smart Mater. Struct. 22, 023001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hausdorff, J. M., Peng, C. K., Ladin, Z., Wei, J. Y. & Goldberger, A. L. (1995) Is walking a random walk? evidence for long-range correlations in stride interval of human gait. J. Appl. Phys. 78, 349–358.Google ScholarPubMed
Higham, D. (2001) An algorithmic introduction to numerical simulaion of stochastic differential equations. Soc. Ind. Appl. Math. Rev. 43, 525–546.Google Scholar
Jiang, X., Li, Y., Wang, J. & Li, J. (2014) Electromechanical modeling and experimental analysis of a compression-based piezoelectric vibration energy harvester. Int. J. Smart Nano Mater. 5, 152–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerr, S. & Bishop, N. (2001) Human induced loading on a flexible staircase. Eng. Struct. 23, 37–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, H., Kim, J. & Kim, J. (2011) A review of piezoelectric energy harvesting based on vibration. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 12, 1129–1141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kokkinopoulos, A., Vokas, G. & Papageorgas, P. (2014) Energy harvesting implementing embedded piezoelectric generators – the potential for the attiki odos traffic grid. Energy Proc. 50, 1070–1085.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, X. & Strezov, V. (2014) Modelling piezoelectric energy harvesting potential in an educational building. Energy Convers. Manage. 85, 435–442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masana, R. & Daqaq, M. (2009) Relative performance of a vibratory energy harvester in mono- and bi-stable potentials. J. Sound Vib. 330, 6036–6052.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan Tech Ceramics (2013) Piezoelectric Ceramics Properties and Applications, Morgan Tech Ceramics, England and Wales.Google Scholar
Paradiso, J. & Starner, T. (2005) Energy scavenging for mobile and wireless electronics. IEEE Pervas. Comput. 4, 18–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pellegrini, S., Tolou, N., Schenk, M. & Herder, J. (2013) Bistable vibration energy harvesters: a review. J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 24, 1303–1312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinn, D., Triplett, A., Bergman, L. & Vakakis, A. (2011) Comparing linear and essentially nonlinear vibration-based energy harvesting. ASME J. Vib. Acoust. 133, 011001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renno, J. M., Daqaq, M. F. & Inman, D. J. (2009) On the optimal energy harvesting from a vibration source. J. Sound Vib. 320, 386–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roundy, S. & Quinn, D. (2005) On the effectiveness of vibration-based energy harvesting. J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 16, 809–823.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roundy, S. & Wright, P. (2004) A piezoelectric vibration based generator for wireless electronics. Smart Mater. Struct. 13, 1131–1142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sato, M., Hubbard, B. & Sievers, A. (2006) Colloquium: Nonlinear energy localization and its manipulation in micromechanical oscillator arrays. Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 137–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sebald, G., Kuwano, H., Guyomar, D. & Ducharne, B. (2011) Simulation of a duffing oscillator for broadband piezoelectric energy harvesting. Smart Mater. Struct. 20, 075022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sebald, G., Kuwano, H., Guyomar, D. & Ducharne, B. (2011) Experimental duffing oscillator for broadband piezoelectric energy harvesting. Smart Mater. Struct. 20, 102001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sodano, H., Inman, D. & Park, G. (2004) A review of power harvesting from vibration using piezoelectric materials. Shock Vib. Digest 36, 197–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sodano, H., Inman, D. & Park, G. (2005) Generation and storage of electricity from power harvesting devices. J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 16, 67–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sodano, H., Park, G., Leo, D. & Inman, D. (2003) Use of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices for charging batteries. Smart Structures and Materials 2003: Smart Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems. Proceedings SPIE 5050, 101.Google Scholar
Stanton, S., McGehee, C. & Mann, B. (2010) Nonlinear dynamics for broadband energy harvesting: Investigation of a bistable piezoelectric intertial generator. Physica D 239, 640–653.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steiner and Martins Energy harvesting plate 45 × 45 × 5 mm 400 khz. http://www.steminc.com/PZT/en/energy-harvesting-plate-45x45x5mm-740-khz.Google Scholar
Vocca, H., Neri, I., Travasso, F. & Gammaitoni, L. (2012) Kinetic energy harvesting with bistable oscillators. Appl. Energy 97, 771–776.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walpole, S. & Bishop, N. (2012) The weight of nations: an estimation of adult human biomass. BMC Public Health 12, 439.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zuo, L. & Tang, X. (2013) Large-scale vibration energy harvesting. J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 24, 1405–1430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar