Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T07:46:10.106Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A prospective, randomized, blind comparison between saline, calcium gluconate and diphoterine for washing skin acid injuries in rats: effects on substance P and β-endorphin release

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2004

M. Cavallini  and
A. Casati
M. Cavallini
Affiliation:
Galeazzi Hospital, Unit of Plastic Surgery, Milan, Italy
A. Casati
Affiliation:
IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University of Milan, Department of Anesthesiology, Milan, Italy
Get access

Abstract

Summary

Background and objective: A randomized, blind study to evaluate the effects on β-endorphin and substance P release after washing acid burns with 0.9% saline, calcium gluconate or diphoterine in a model of chemical burn in rats.

Methods: Twenty Sprague–Dawley rats (approximate weight 250 g) were anaesthetized with ketamine (30 mg kg−1 intramuscularly) and then given an acid injury on the back skin with 0.5 mL of hydrochloric acid 52%. The rats were then randomly allocated to receive no washing (control group, n = 5), washing with normal saline (0.9% NaCl) (n = 5), 10% calcium gluconate (n = 5) or diphoterine (n = 5). Blood concentrations of substance P and β-endorphin were measured 6 h, 48 h and 7 days after the chemical burn. An independent blinded observer evaluated wound healing at the 7th day.

Results: Seven days after burn wound healing was almost complete only in rats treated with diphoterine. Plasma concentrations of substance P were lower in rats receiving skin flushing with diphoterine compared to the other groups at 6 and 48 h after acid burn (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively); this was also associated with higher concentrations of β-endorphin at day 7 (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Skin flushing with diphoterine reduced substance P release during the first 48 h after burn, and was associated with better wound healing and higher concentrations of β-endorphin 7 days later when compared with normal saline or 10% calcium gluconate.

Keywords

INTERCELLULAR SIGNALLING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS, kinins, tachykinins, Substance POPIOID PEPTIDES, endorphinsWOUNDS AND INJURIES, burns, chemical
Type
Original Article
Information
European Journal of Anaesthesiology , Volume 21 , Issue 5 , May 2004 , pp. 389 - 392
Copyright
2004 European Society of Anaesthesiology

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Tompkins RG, Burke JF. Care of burns. In: Thinker J and Zapol WM, eds. Care of the Critically Ill Patient, 2nd edn. New York, USA: Springer-Verlag, 1991: 893–907.
Bates N. Acid and alkali injury. Emerg Nurse 2000; 7: 21–26.Google Scholar
Acikel C, Ulkur E, Guler MM. Prolonged intermit-tent hydrotherapy and early tangential excision in the treatment of an extensive strong alkali burn. Burns 2001; 27: 293–296.Google Scholar
Dunnick CA, Gibran NS, Heimbach DM. Substance P has a role in neurogenic mediation of human burn wound healing. J Burn Care Rehabil 1996; 17: 390–396.Google Scholar
Hu D, Chen B, Lin S, Tang C. Changes in substance P in the jejuna of rats after burns. Burns 1996; 22: 463–467.Google Scholar
Siney L, Brain SD. Involvement of sensory neuropeptides in the development of plasma extravasation in rat dorsal skin following thermal injury. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 117: 1065–1070.Google Scholar
de Caballos ML, Jenner P, Mardsen CD. Increased [Met]enkefalin and decreased substance P in spinal cord following thermal injury to one limb. Neuroscience 1990; 36: 731–736.Google Scholar
Altun V, Hakvoort TE, van Zuijlen PP, van der Kwast TH, Prens EP. Nerve outgrowth and neuropeptide expression during the remodelling of human burn wound scars. Burns 2001; 27: 717–722.Google Scholar
Onuoha GN, Alpar EK. Levels of vasodilators (SP, CGRP) and vasoconstrictor (NPY) peptides in early human burns. Eur J Clin Invest 2001; 31: 253–257.Google Scholar
Matsuno K. The treatment of hydrofluoric acid burns. Occup Med 1996; 46: 313–317.Google Scholar
Yano K, Hosokawa K, Kakibuchi M, Hikasa H, Hata Y. Effects of washing acid injuries to the skin with water: an experimental study using rats. Burns 1995; 21: 500–502.Google Scholar
Seyb ST, Noordhoek L, Botens S, Mani MM. A study to determine the efficacy of treatments for hydrofluoric acid burns. J Burn Care Rehabil 1995; 16: 253–257.Google Scholar
Gerard M, Josset P, Louis V, Menerath JM, Blomet J, Merle H. Is there a delay in bathing the external eye in the treatment of ammonia eye burns? Comparison of two ophthalmic solutions: physiological serum and diphoterine. J Fr Ophtalmol 2000; 23: 449–458.Google Scholar
Hall AH, Blomet J, Mathieu L. Diphoterine for emergent eye/skin chemical splash decontamination: a review. Vet Hum Toxicol 2002; 44: 228–231.Google Scholar
Society of Toxicology. Guiding principles in the use of animals in toxicology. Adopted by The Society of Toxicology in July 1989. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2002; 178: 4.
Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, White S, et al. Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System, 1999. Am J Emerg Med 2000; 18: 517–574.Google Scholar
Burkhart KK, Brent J, Kirk MA, Baker DC, Kulig KW. Comparison of topical magnesium and calcium treatment for dermal hydrofluoric acid burns. Ann Emerg Med 1994; 24: 9–13.Google Scholar
Saria A. Substance P in sensory nerve fibres contributes to the development of oedema in the rat hind paw after thermal injury. Br J Pharmacol 1984; 82: 217–222.Google Scholar
Springer J, Geppetti P, Fisher A, Gronberg DA. Calcitonin gene-related peptide as inflammatory mediator. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2003; 16: 121–130.Google Scholar
Bromberg BE, Song IC, Walden RH. Hydrotherapy of chemical burns. Plast Reconstr Surg 1965; 35: 85–95.Google Scholar
Gruber RP, Laub DR, Vistnes LM. The effect of hydrotherapy on the clinical course and pH of experimental cutaneous chemical burns. Plast Reconstr Surg 1975; 55: 200–204.Google Scholar