Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T07:47:23.152Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Differential effects of ageing on the EEG during pentobarbital and ketamine anaesthesia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 October 2008

Y. Fu ,
L. Guo ,
J. Zhang ,
Y. Chen ,
X. Wang ,
T. Zeng ,
S. Tian  and
Y. Ma
Y. Fu
Affiliation:
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Laboratory of Primate Neuroscience Research and Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
L. Guo
Affiliation:
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Biology, Department of Viral Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
J. Zhang
Affiliation:
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Laboratory of Primate Neuroscience Research and Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
Y. Chen
Affiliation:
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Laboratory of Primate Neuroscience Research and Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
X. Wang
Affiliation:
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Laboratory of Primate Neuroscience Research and Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
T. Zeng
Affiliation:
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Laboratory of Primate Neuroscience Research and Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
S. Tian
Affiliation:
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Laboratory of Primate Neuroscience Research and Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
Y. Ma*
Affiliation:
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Laboratory of Primate Neuroscience Research and Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China Kunming Biomed International, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
*
Correspondence to: Yuanye Ma, Laboratory of Primate Neuroscience Research, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #32 Jiao Chang Dong Lu, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, P.R. China. E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: +86 871 5194464; Fax: +86 871 5191823
Get access

Summary

Background and objectives

Pentobarbital and ketamine are commonly used in animal experiments, including studies on the effects of ageing on the central nervous system. The electroencephalogram is a sensitive measure of brain activity. The present study investigated, under anaesthesia induced by the two drugs, whether cortical electroencephalogram in aged rats differs from that in young rats.

Methods

Electroencephalogram was recorded for young (2–3 months) and aged (15–17 months) rats before and during pentobarbital (40 mg kg−1) or ketamine (100 mg kg−1) anaesthesia. The relative power in five frequency bands (delta: 2–4 Hz; theta: 4–8 Hz; alpha: 8–12 Hz; beta: 12–20 Hz; gamma: 20–100 Hz) was analysed, and then compared between the two age groups.

Results

In both age groups, pentobarbital anaesthesia induced an increase in relative power in alpha and beta bands and a decrease in the theta band, but the degree of these power variations was more marked in aged rats. Ketamine anaesthesia increased relative power in the delta band and decreased that in the theta band; these effects were significantly different between the two age groups, with aged rats showing more markedly decreased power in the theta band.

Conclusions

(a) Pentobarbital and ketamine modified cortical electrical activity in a different manner as a function of age; (b) the modification of electroencephalogram relative power with anaesthesia was identical in young and aged rats but quantitatively more marked in aged rats. These findings will be useful in designing experiments that assess pathological changes in the central nervous system during ageing.

Keywords

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAMAGEDRATKETAMINEPENTOBARBITALANAESTHESIA GENERAL
Type
Original Article
Information
European Journal of Anaesthesiology , Volume 25 , Issue 10 , October 2008 , pp. 826 - 833
Copyright
Copyright © European Society of Anaesthesiology 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Engstrom, DA, Bickford, P, De La, GR, Young, D, Rose, GM. Increased responsiveness of hippocampal pyramidal neurons to nicotine in aged, learning-impaired rats. Neurobiol Aging 1993; 14: 259–266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Kitani, K, Senda, M, Toyama, H et al. Decline in glucose metabolism in the brain in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) in English setter – evidence by positron emission tomography (PET). Gerontology 1995; 41 (Suppl 2): 249–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Blatchley, BJ, Brugge, JF. Sensitivity to binaural intensity and phase difference cues in kitten inferior colliculus. J Neurophysiol 1990; 64: 582–597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Baughman, VL, Hoffman, WE, Albrecht, RF, Miletich, DJ. Cerebral vascular and metabolic effects of fentanyl and midazolam in young and aged rats. Anesthesiology 1987; 67: 314–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Schultz, A, Grouven, U, Zander, I, Beger, FA, Siedenberg, M, Schultz, B. Age-related effects in the EEG during propofol anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2004; 48: 27–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Braida, D, Ottonello, F, Sala, M. Eptastigmine restores the aged rat’s normal cortical spectral power pattern. Pharmacol Res 2000; 42: 495–500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Sebban, C, Tesolin, B, Coulomb, B, Berthaux, P. Comparative effects of almitrine and raubasine, singly and in combination, on electroencephalographic activity in young and old rats. Exp Gerontol 1989; 24: 11–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Reid, KH, Paskitti, M, Guo, SZ, Schmelzer, T, Iyer, V. Experience with ketamine and sodium pentobarbital as anesthetics in a rat model of cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Resuscitation 2003; 57: 201–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Liu, N, Liu, Y, Fan, Y et al. EEG activities in the orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the development of morphine dependence, tolerance and withdrawal in rhesus monkeys. Brain Res 2005; 1053: 137–145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Sun, N, Li, Y, Tian, S et al. Dynamic changes in orbitofrontal neuronal activity in rats during opiate administration and withdrawal. Neuroscience 2006; 138: 77–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Mayer, JM, Khanna, JM, Kalant, H, Chau, A. Factors involved in the differential response to ethanol, barbital and pentobarbital in rats selectively bred for ethanol sensitivity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1982; 78: 33–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Herberg, LJ, Rose, IC. The effect of MK-801 and other antagonists of NMDA-type glutamate receptors on brainstimulation reward. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1989; 99: 87–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Clarke, AR, Barry, RJ, McCarthy, R, Selikowitz, M. Age and sex effects in the EEG: differences in two subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clin Neurophysiol 2001; 112: 815–826.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Gasser, T, Verleger, R, Bacher, P, Sroka, L. Development of the EEG of school-age children and adolescents. I. Analysis of band power. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1988; 69: 91–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Benninger, C, Matthis, P, Scheffner, D. EEG development of healthy boys and girls. Results of a longitudinal study. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1984; 57: 1–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.John, ER, Ahn, H, Prichep, L, Trepetin, M, Brown, D, Kaye, H. Developmental equations for the electroencephalogram. Science 1980; 210: 1255–1258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Duffy, FH, McAnulty, GB, Albert, MS. The pattern of age-related differences in electrophysiological activity of healthy males and females. Neurobiol Aging 1993; 14: 73–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Knott, VJ, Harr, A. Assessing the topographic EEG changes associated with aging and acute/long-term effects of smoking. Neuropsychobiology 1996; 33: 210–222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Him, A, Johnston, AR, Yau, JL, Seckl, J, Dutia, MB. Tonic activity and GABA responsiveness of medial vestibular nucleus neurons in aged rats. Neuroreport 2001; 12: 3965–3968.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Wang, Y, Kikuchi, T, Sakai, M, Wu, JL, Sato, K, Okumura, F. Age-related modifications of effects of ketamine and propofol on rat hippocampal acetylcholine release studied by in vivo brain microdialysis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2000; 44: 112–117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Jevtovic-Todorovic, V, Carter, LB. The anesthetics nitrous oxide and ketamine are more neurotoxic to old than to young rat brain. Neurobiol Aging 2005; 26: 947–956.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Lewis, MC, Gerenstein, RI, Chidiac, G. Onset time for sevoflurane/nitrous oxide induction in adults is prolonged with increasing age. Anesth Analg 2006; 102: 1699–1702.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Zeller, A, Arras, M, Jurd, R, Rudolph, U. Identification of a molecular target mediating the general anesthetic actions of pentobarbital. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 71: 852–859.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Villars, PS, Kanusky, JT, Dougherty, TB. Stunning the neural nexus: mechanisms of general anesthesia. AANA J 2004; 72: 197–205.Google ScholarPubMed
25.Lin, LH, Chen, LL, Zirrolli, JA, Harris, RA. General anesthetics potentiate gamma-aminobutyric acid actions on gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors expressed by Xenopus oocytes: lack of involvement of intracellular calcium. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992; 263: 569–578.Google ScholarPubMed
26.Irifune, M, Sato, T, Kamata, Y, Nishikawa, T, Dohi, T, Kawahara, M. Evidence for GABA(A) receptor agonistic properties of ketamine: convulsive and anesthetic behavioral models in mice. Anesth Analg 2000; 91: 230–236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Petrenko, AB, Yamakura, T, Fujiwara, N, Askalany, AR, Baba, H, Sakimura, K. Reduced sensitivity to ketamine and pentobarbital in mice lacking the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor GluRepsilon1 subunit. Anesth Analg 2004; 99: 1136–1140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28.Leventhal, AG, Wang, Y, Pu, M, Zhou, Y, Ma, Y. GABA and its agonists improved visual cortical function in senescent monkeys. Science 2003; 300: 812–815.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29.Mhatre, MC, Ticku, MK. Aging related alterations in GABAA receptor subunit mRNA levels in Fischer rats. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1992; 14: 71–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30.Gutierrez, A, Khan, ZU, Morris, SJ, De Blas, AL. Age-related decrease of GABAA receptor subunits and glutamic acid decarboxylase in the rat inferior colliculus. J Neurosci 1994; 14: 7469–7477.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Magnusson, KR, Cotman, CW. Age-related changes in excitatory amino acid receptors in two mouse strains. Neurobiol Aging 1993; 14: 197–206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32.Magnusson, KR, Nelson, SE, Young, AB. Age-related changes in the protein expression of subunits of the NMDA receptor. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2002; 99: 40–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33.Magnusson, KR. The aging of the NMDA receptor complex. Front Biosci 1998; 3: e70–e80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34.Cohen, SA, Muller, WE. Age-related alterations of NMDA-receptor properties in the mouse forebrain: partial restoration by chronic phosphatidylserine treatment. Brain Res 1992; 584: 174–180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed