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The influence of xenon, nitrous oxide and nitrogen on gas bubble expansion during cardiopulmonary bypass

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2005

H. P. Grocott ,
Y. Sato ,
H. M. Homi  and
B. E. Smith
H. P. Grocott
Affiliation:
Duke University Medical Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Durham, NC, USA
Y. Sato
Affiliation:
Hamamatsu University, Shizuoka General Hospital, School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
H. M. Homi
Affiliation:
Duke University Medical Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Durham, NC, USA
B. E. Smith
Affiliation:
Duke University Medical Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Durham, NC, USA
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Extract

Summary

Background and objective: Xenon may have favourable applications in the setting of cardiac surgery. Its advantages include a desirable haemodynamic profile as well as potential cardiac and neuroprotective properties. However, its low solubility may lead to enhanced diffusion into enclosed gas spaces. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of xenon (Xe), nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen (N2) on gas bubble size during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Methods: Rats were randomized to receive 70% Xe, 26% oxygen (O2), 4% carbon dioxide (CO2) (xenon group); 70% N2O, 26% O2, 4% CO2 (nitrous oxide group) or 70% N2, 26% O2, 4% CO2 (nitrogen group) during 90 min of normothermic CPB. Small gas bubbles (300–500 μL; n = 12 per group) were injected into a bubble chamber on the venous side of the bypass circuit. After 10 min of equilibration, they were removed for volumetric analysis.

Results: The increase in bubble size was 2 ± 2% with nitrogen, 17 ± 6% with xenon (P = 0.0192 vs. nitrogen) and 63 ± 23% with nitrous oxide (P = 0.0001 vs. nitrogen). The nitrous oxide group had significantly increased bubble size compared to the xenon group (P = 0.0001).

Conclusions: During CPB, xenon anaesthesia produced a small increase in gas bubble size compared to nitrogen. Nitrous oxide resulted in significantly larger bubbles compared to both nitrogen and xenon.

Keywords

ANAESTHETICS INHALATION, xenon, nitrous oxide, isofluraneMICROBUBBLESCARDIAC SURGICAL PROCEDURESCARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS
Type
Original Article
Information
European Journal of Anaesthesiology , Volume 22 , Issue 5 , May 2005 , pp. 353 - 358
Copyright
© 2005 European Society of Anaesthesiology

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