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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 July 2013
Motivated by the Fermi gamma-ray space telescope results, in recentyears immense efforts were given to understanding the mechanism that leads to the promptemission observed. The failure of the optically thin emission models (synchrotron andsynchrotron self Compton) increased interest in alternative models. Optically thickmodels, while having several advantages, also face difficulty in capturing several keyobservables. Theoretical efforts are focused in two main directions: (1) mechanisms thatact to broaden the Planck spectrum; and (2) combining the optically thin and opticallythick models to a hybrid model that could explain the key observables.