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Understanding Integration from Rwanda to Iraq

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 September 2012

Joanna Macrae
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Extract

The past decade has seen profound changes in the relationship between humanitarian and political action. The political determinants of humanitarian crises are now acknowledged, so too is their chronicity, and the limits of relief aid as a form of intervention are thus more fully understood. In 1994, in the refugee camps of Goma, Zaire, there was widespread manipulation of aid resources by armed groups implicated in the genocide in Rwanda. This experience highlighted a wider concern that, rather than doing good, emergency aid can fuel violence. The apparent consensus that humanitarian assistance can somehow stand outside politics gave way to calls for tighter linkage between aid and political responses to crises.

Type
Roundtable: Humanitarian Aid and Intervention: The Challenges of Integration
Information
Ethics & International Affairs , Volume 18 , Issue 2 , September 2004 , pp. 29 - 35
Copyright
Copyright © Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs 2004

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References

1 Forsythe, David, Humanitarian Politics (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977Google Scholar).

2 Nicholas Leader, “The Politics of Principle: The Principles of Humanitarian Action in Practice,” Humanitarian Policy Group Report 2, Overseas Development Institute, March 2000Google Scholar.

3 See, e.g., Boutros Boutros-Ghali, “An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peace-Keeping,” Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to the statement adopted by the Summit meeting of the Security Council, United Nations, New York, January 31, 1992; Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Aid in Progress: Development Cooperation and the Review of Dutch Foreign Policy,” The Hague, 1995; and United Kingdom Department for International Development, “The White Paper on International Development,” Briefing Paper, London, 1997Google Scholar.

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8 See, e.g., Uvin, Peter, The Influence of Aid in Situations of Violent Conflict: A Synthesis and a Commentary on the Lessons Learned from Case Studies on the Limits and Scope for the Use of Development Assistance Incentives and Disincentives for Influencing Conflict Situations (Paris: OECD, 1999Google Scholar); available at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/33/57/1919902.pdf.

9 Macrae and Leader, “Shifting Sands.”Google Scholar

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13 Bryer, , “Politics and Humanitarianism”; and “Doctors Without Borders Shocked by Killing of 5 Staff in Afghanistan: Aid Activities Suspended Nationwide ,” press release, June 3, 2004; available at http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/pr/2004/06-03-2004.shtmlGoogle Scholar.

14 See, e.g., Benthall, Jonathan, “Humanitarianism and Islam after 11 September,” in Macrae and Harmer, eds., “Humanitarian Action and the ‘Global War on Terror.”’Google Scholar

15 Paul Smith Lomas (personal communication, November 2003)Google Scholar.

16 Bryer, “Politics and HumanitarianismGoogle Scholar.”