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The Global War on Terror: A Narrative in Need of a Rewrite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 March 2011

Amy Zalman  and
Jonathan Clarke
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Ethics & International Affairs , Volume 23 , Issue 2 , Summer 2009 , pp. 101 - 113
Copyright
Copyright © Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs 2009

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References

Notes

1 International Commission of Jurists, “Assessing Damage, Urging Action,” Report of the Eminent Jurists Panel on Terrorism, Counter-terrorism and Human Rights (2009);available at http:\\www.icj.org/IMG/EJPReport.pdf.Google Scholar

2 Kosiak, Steven M., “The Global War on Terror (GWOT): Costs, Cost Growth and Estimating Funding Requirements”, Testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on the Budget, February 6, 2007; available at http:\\budget.senate.gov/republican/hearingarchive/testimonies/2007/2007-02-06Kosiak.pdf.Google Scholar

3 “Obama's Antiterror Progress”, Wall Street Journal, February 13, 2009; Cole, David, “Obama Backslides on ‘State Secrets”’, The Nation, February 11, 2009.Google Scholar

4 Bush, George W., “Statement on U.S. Strikes in Afghanistan”, October 7, 2001.Google Scholar

5 Bush, George W., Address to a Joint Session of Congress, September 20, 2001; available at http:\\archives.cnn.com/2001/US/09/20/gen.bush.transcript.Google Scholar

6 U.S. Department of Defense, “Quadrennial Defense Review Report”, February 6, 2006, p. 1.Google Scholar

7 Scheuer, Michael, Imperial Hubris: How the West is Losing the War on Terror (Dulles, Va.: Potomac Books, 2004).Google Scholar

8 Kilcullen, David J., “Countering Global Insurgency”, Journal of Strategic Studies 28, 4 (2005), pp. 599–600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

9 Gompert, David C.et al, War by Other Means—Building Complete and Balanced Capabilities for Counterinsurgency (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, 2008), p. xxv.Google Scholar

10 See, for instance, Homeland Security Affairs(founded2005)andJournal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management(founded2003), self-described as “one of the most established titles in the critical new field of homeland security.”.Google Scholar

11 Bobbitt, Philip, Terror and Consent: The Wars of the Twenty-First Century (New York: Knopf, 2008).Google Scholar

12 Ledeen, Michael, “Rediscovering American Character”, National Review Online, October 10, 2001; available at http:\\article.nationalreview.com/?q=YWViZjk0MmUyOGM1ZGNjMjk0OTZhMjlhOGM3ZGE2OWQ=#more.Google Scholar

13 Forte, David F. “Radical Islam vs. Islam,” September 19, 2001; available at http:\\www.heritage.org/Press/Commentary/ed091901a.cfm; Loconte, Joseph, “US Functions as World's Strongest Defender of Islam”, May 28, 2003; available at http:\\www.heritage.org/Press/Commentary/ed05282003.cfm.Google Scholar

14 A fuller discussion of the media's role may be found in Halper, Stefan and Clarke, Jonathan, The Silence of the Rational Center: Why American Foreign Policy is Failing (New York: Basic Books, 2007).Google Scholar

15 On January 22, 2009, Obama issued an Executive Order directing that all interrogations of those detained in armed conflict be conducted according to Army Field Manual 2–22.3, and revoking all executive orders issued between September 11, 2001and January 20, 2009that contradicted its directives. These included Executive Order 13440 of July 20, 2007, which established the “authority of the President to interpret the meaning and application of the Geneva Conventions” as they applied to CIA detentions and interrogations.Google Scholar

16 Baldor, Lolita C., “Obama: U.S. Choosing Words Carefully in Terror War”, Associated Press, February 3, 2009.Google Scholar

17 Open Hearing: Nomination of Leon Panetta to be Director of Central Intelligence, February 5, 2009; available at http:\\intelligence.senate.gov/hearings.cfm?hearingId=3648.Google Scholar

18 Gates, Robert M., “Submitted Statement to the Senate Armed Services Committee”, January 27, 2009; available at http:\\www.defenselink.mil/speeches/speech.aspx?speechid=1337.Google Scholar

19 President Obama made this point in an interview on CBS's “60 Minutes” on March 20, 2009; available at http:\\www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/03/18/60minutes/main4873938.shtml.Google Scholar

20 Mullen, Mike, “Building Our Best Weapon”, Washington Post, February 14, 2009.Google Scholar

21 Holbrooke, Richard C., Speech delivered at the 45th Munich Security Conference, February 8, 2009.Google Scholar

22 Blair, Dennis C., “Annual Threat Assessment of the Intelligence Community for the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence”, February 12, 2009; available at http:\\www.dni.gov/testimonies/20090212_testimony.pdf.Google Scholar