Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 March 2011
1 I have used the term “visa holder” as a general designation for all noncitizens, including tourists, who are legally resident but have currently some limitation on their stay. I include within this definition noncitizens whose permits include the possibility of applying for permanent residence but who do not yet have it, as well as those who are viewed as purely temporary residents and/or workers.
2 Michael Samers, “The ‘Underground Economy, ’ Immigration and Economic Development in the European Union: An Agnostic-Skeptic Perspective,” International Journal of Economic Development 6 (2004), pp. 199–272; and Georges Tapinos, “Clandestine Immigration: Economic and Political Issues,” in Trends in International Migration (Paris: OECD, 1999).
3 Martin Ruhs and Bridget Anderson, “Semi-compliance in the Migrant Labour Market,” COMPAS Working Paper Series, WP-06-30 (2006).
4 Thanks to Middle Eastern Studies M.Phil. student Mumtaz Lalani of St. Antony's College, Oxford, for drawing this to my attention.
5 Carole Pateman, The Sexual Contract (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1988).
6 Robert J. Steinfeld, The Invention of Free Labor: The Employment Relation in English and American Law and Culture, 1350–1870 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991).
7 Bernard Ryan, “The Evolving Legal Regime on Unauthorized Work by Migrants in Britain,” Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal 27 (2005), pp. 27–58.
8 Robert J. Steinfeld, Coercion, Contract, and Free Labor in the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001).
9 Joseph H. Carens, “Live-in Domestics, Seasonal Workers, and Others Hard to Locate on the Map of Democracy,” Journal of Political Philosophy (forthcoming).
10 UK Border Agency, “Business and Commercial Caseworker Guidance” (2008); available at http:\\www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/sitecontent/documents/policyandlaw/businessandcommercialcaseworker/.
11 Bridget Anderson and Ben Rogaly, “Forced Labour and Migration to the UK” (London: Trades Union Congress, 2005); available at http:\\www.tuc.org.uk/international/tuc-9317-f0.pdf.
12 Bridget Anderson, “Battles in Time: The Relation between Global and Labour Mobilities,” COMPAS Working Paper Series, WP-07-55 (2007).