Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T22:29:36.816Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

POLICING EPISTEMIC COMMUNITIES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 November 2013

Justin P. Bruner*
Affiliation:
University of California, Irvine

Abstract

I examine how particular social arrangements and incentive structures encourage the honest reporting of experimental results and minimize fraudulent scientific work. In particular I investigate how epistemic communities can achieve this goal by promoting members to police the community. Using some basic tools from game theory, I explore a simple model in which scientists both conduct research and have the option of investigating the findings of their peers. I find that this system of peer policing can in many cases ensure high levels of honesty.

Type
Discussion
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Bicchieri, C. and Duffy, J. 1997. ‘Corruption Cycles.’ Political Studies, 45: 477–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, R. and Richerson, P. 1992. ‘Punishment allows the Evolution of Cooperation (or anything else) in Sizable Groups.’ Ethology and Sociobiology, 3: 171–95.Google Scholar
Boyd, R., Gintis, H., Bowles, S. and Richerson, P. 2003. ‘The Evolution of Altruistic Punishment.’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 100: 3531–5.Google Scholar
Budd, J., Sievert, M. and Schultz, T. 1998. ‘Phenomena of Retraction: Reasons for Retraction and Citations to Publications.’ Journal of the American Medical Association 280: 296–97.Google Scholar
Cant, M. and Johnstone, R. 2006. ‘Self-serving Punishment and the Evolution of Cooperation.’ Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 19: 1383–5.Google Scholar
Colman, A. 2006. ‘The Puzzle of Cooperation.’ Nature, 440: 744–5.Google Scholar
Cox, J. and Goldman, A. 1994. ‘Accuracy in Journalism: An Economic Approach.’ In Schmitt, F. (ed.), Socializing Epistemology: The Social Dimensions of Knowledge. London: Rowman and Litterfield Publishers.Google Scholar
Frang, F., Steen, R. and Casadevall, A. 2012. Misconduct accounts for the majority of retracted scientific publications. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 109: 17028–33.Google Scholar
Hull, D. 1996a. ‘Why Scientists Behave Scientifically.’ MRS Bulletin, 21: 72.Google Scholar
Hull, D. 1996b. ‘What's Wrong with Invisible-hand Explanations?Philosophy of Science, 64: S117–25.Google Scholar
Hull, D. 2000. Science and Selection: Essays on Biological Evolution and the Philosophy of Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kitcher, P. 1990. ‘The Division of Cognitive Labor.’ Journal of Philosophy, 87: 522.Google Scholar
Nakao, H. and Machery, E. 2012. ‘The Evolution of Punishment.’ Biology and Philosophy, 27: 833–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panchanathan, K. and Boyd, R. 2004. Indirect reciprocity can stabilize cooperation without the second-order free rider problem. Nature 432: 499502.Google Scholar
Pfeifer, M. and Snodgrass, G. 1990. The continued use of retracted, invalid scientific literature. Journal of the American Medical Association 263: 1420–3.Google Scholar
Richerson, P. and Boyd, R. 2005. Not By Genes Alone: How Culture Transformed Human Evolution. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Rohwer, Y. 2006. ‘Hierarchy Maintenance, Coalition Formation, and the Origins of Altruistic Punishment.’ Philosophy of Science, 74: 802–12.Google Scholar
Sandholm, B. 2010. Evolutionary Games and Population Dynamics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Schlag, K. 1997. Why imitate, and if so, how? A boundedly rational approach to multi-armed bandits. Journal of Economic Theory, 78: 130–56.Google Scholar
Sripada, C. 2005. Punishment and the strategic structure of moral systems. Biology and Philosophy, 20: 767–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strevens, M. 2001. ‘The Role of the Priority Rule in Science.’ Journal of Philosophy, 100: 5579.Google Scholar
Taylor, P. and Jonker, L. 1979. ‘Evolutionary Stable Strategies and Game Dynamics.’ Mathematical Biosciences, 40: 145–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wible, J. 1992. ‘Fraud in Science: An Economic Approach.’ Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 22: 527.Google Scholar