Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T16:09:25.878Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Transferable high-level trimethoprim resistance among isolates of Escherichia coli from urinary tract infections in Ontario, Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

N. Harnett
Affiliation:
Clinical Bacteriology Section, Central Public Health Laboratory, Box 9000, Terminal ‘A’, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5W 1R5
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Of 1171 isolates of Escherichia coli isolated from urine samples at the Public Health Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, between May 1990 and December 1991, 120 (10·3%) were resistant to trimethoprim (TMP), cotrimoxazole (TMP/SMX), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and other antimicrobial agents; 110 of the 120 isolates (91·7%) were resistant to four or more agents. The majority of resistant isolates (91·7%) exhibited high-level resistance (MIC > 1000 mg/L) to TMP. The MIC of TMP/SMX for all 120 isolates was > 2·0/38·0 mg/L and for SMX > 1024 mg/L. High-level resistances were also present among the β-lactam antimicrobials with MICs ranging from 16- > 256 mg/L. Forty-three of 120 TMP-resistant (35·8%) isolates conjugally transferred TMP-resistance to E. coli K-12. Co-transfer of several other resistances was observed. SMX cotransferred from 86% of the 43 donors and β-lactams together with SMX cotransferred from 70%. Nalidixic acid resistance was present among 22 (18·3%) of the 120 resistant isolates, however, nalidixic acid resistance was not transferred to E. coli K-12.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

References

REFERENCES

1.Heikkila, E, Sundstrom, L, Huovinen, P. Trimethoprim resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from a geriatric unit. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1990; 34: 2013–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Tsakris, A, Johnson, AP, George, RC, Mehtar, S, Vatopoulos, AC. Distribution and transferability of plasmids encoding trimethoprim resistance in urinary pathogens from Greece. J Med Microbiol 1991; 34: 153–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Mayer, KH, Fling, ME, Hopkins, JD, O'brien, TF. Trimethoprim resistance in multiple genera of Enterobacteriaceae at a U.S. hospital: spread of the type II dihydrofolate reductase gene by a single plasmid. J Infect Dis 1985; 151: 783–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Murray, BE, Alvarado, T, Kim, K-H, et al. Increasing resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole among isolates of Escherichia coli in developing countries. J Infect Dis 1985; 152: 1107–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Ronald, AR, Turck, M, Petersdorf, RG. A critical evaluation of nalidixic acid in urinary-tract infection. N Engl J Med 1966; 275: 1081–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Heikkila, E, Siitonen, A, Jahkola, M, Fling, M, Sundstrom, K, Huovinen, P. Increase of trimethoprim resistance among Shigella species, 1975–1988: analysis of resistance mechanisms. J Infect Dis 1990: 161: 1242–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Tauxe, RV, Puhr, ND, Wells, JG, Hargrett-Bean, N, Blake, PA. Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates in the USA: the importance of international travellers. J Infect Dis 1990; 162: 1107–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Harnett, N. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Shigella species isolated in Ontario in 1990. Can Dis Wkly Rep 1991; 17: 275–7.Google ScholarPubMed
9.Harnett, N, MacLeod, S, AuYong, Y, Krishnan, C. Increasing incidence of resistance among Shigellae to trimethoprim. Lancet 1991; 337: 622.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Cowan, ST, Steel, KJ. Identification of medical bacteria, 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974.Google Scholar
11. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically, M7-A2 NCCLS, Villanova, Pa., 1990.Google Scholar
12.Steers, E, Foltz, L, Graves, BS. An inocula replicating apparatus for routine testing of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. Antibiot Chemother 1959; 9: 307–11.Google ScholarPubMed
13.Heikkila, E, Renkonen, V, Sunila, R, Uurasmaa, P, Huovinen, P. The emergence and mechanisms of trimethoprim resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from outpatients in Finland. J Antimicrob Chemother 1990; 25: 275–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Lamikrana, A, Ndep, RB. Trimethoprim resistance in urinary tract pathogens in two Nigerian hospitals. J Antimicrob Chemother 1989; 23: 151–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Young, H-K, Jesudason, MV, Koshi, G, Amyes, SGB. Trimethoprim resistance amongst urinary pathogens in South India. J Antimicrob Chemother 1986; 17: 615–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Young, H-K, Jesudason, MV, Koshi, G, Amyes, SGB. Unusual expression of new low-level-trimethoprim resistance plasmids. J Clin Microbiol 1986; 24: 61–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Brumfitt, W, Hamilton-Miller, JMT, Grey, D. Trimethoprim-resistant coliforms. Lancet 1977; ii: 926.Google Scholar
18.Knothe, H, Shah, P, Krcmery, V, Antal, M, Mitsuhashi, S. Transferable resistance to cefotaxime, cefoxitin, cefamandole and cefuroxime in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens. Infection 1983; 11: 315–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Nandivada, LS, Amyes, SGB. Plasmid-mediated β-lactam resistance in pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria isolated in South India. J Antimicrob Chemother 1990; 26: 279–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Cullen, ME, Wyke, AW, Kuroda, R, Fisher, LM. Cloning and characterization of a DNA gyrase A gene from Escherichia coli that confers clinical resistance to 4-quinolones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989; 33: 886–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Harnett, N. High level resistance to trimethoprim, cotrimoxazole and other antimicrobial agents among clinical isolates of Shigella species in Ontario, Canada - an update. Epidemiol Infect 1992; 109: 463472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Waalwijk, C, MacLaren, DM, de, Graaff J. In vivo function of hemolysin in the nephropathogenicity of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 1983; 42: 245–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Welch, RA, Dellinger, AP, Minshew, B, Falkow, S. Haemolysin contributes to virulence of extra-intestinal E. coli infections. Nature 1981; 294: 665–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Cavalieri, SJ, Snyder, IS. Effect of Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin on human peripheral leukocyte viability in vitro. Infect Immun 1982; 36: 455–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.Waalwijk, C, Van, den Bosch JF, MacLaren, DM, de, Graaf J. Hemolysin plasmid coding for the virulence of a nephro-pathogenic Escherichia coli strain. Infect Immun 1982; 35: 32–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar