Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T20:47:13.297Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Studies in Relation to Malaria. II. (Cont.) The Structure and Biology of Anopheles (Anopheles maculipennis)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

George H. F Nuttall
Affiliation:
University Lecturer in Bacteriology and Preventive Medicine, Cambridge
Arthur E Shipley
Affiliation:
Fellow and Tutor of Christ's College, University Lecturer on the Advanced Morphology of the Invertebrates, Cambridge.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Resting Position of the Imago.—Geographical Distribution of the Species.—Habitat.—Modes of Dissemination and Migratory Flights.—hibernation of the Imago.—Longevity.—Oviposition, and the Influence of Food thereon.—Parthenogenesis.—Numerical Proportion of Sexes.—Number of Generations during a season.—Food.—Influence of Heat, Cold, Light, Colour, and Sound.—Sense of Smell and Taste.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1902

References

Literature

Annett, H. E., Dutton, J. E., and Elliott, J. H. (1901), Report of the Malaria Expedition to Nigeria of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Medical Parasitology. 64 pp. with illustrations and plans. (Received 05, 1901.)Google Scholar
Austen, E. E. (03, 1901), The Genus Anopheles. The Practitioner, vol. LXVI. pp. 334347.Google Scholar
Bancroft, T. L. (5 06, 1901), Preliminary Notes on the Intermediary Host of Filaria immitis, Leidy. Journ. and Proc. of the Royal Soc. of N. S. Wales, vol. XXXV. pp. 4146. Communication to the R.S of N. S. Wales.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchanan, A. (04, 1901), Experimental inoculation of malarial Fever in Nagpur. Indian Med. Gazette, vol. XXXVI. pp. 127129.Google Scholar
*Casagrande, D. V. (1901), Malaria e Zanzare. Manuale teoretico-pratico per le persone dimoranti in località malariche. 8°. 78 pp. with figures.Google Scholar
*Celli, A. and Gasperini, G. (23 10. 1901), Paludismus ohne Malaria. Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. Abtheil. I. Bd. XXX. pp. 523526. This paper also appeared under the title “Paludismo senza malaria” in the Policlinico (Sezione practica) 1901. (Under this curious title the authors describe observations similar to ours, viz. the occurrence of Anopheles (A. maculipennis, A. bifurcatus) in localities which were formerly malarious, but which are free from malaria to-day.)Google Scholar
*Chatterjee, G. C. (10. 1901), Parasites in Anopheles. Indian Med. Gazette, vol. XXXVI. pp. 371372. (Very incomplete description of some parasites encountered in a species of Anopheles, viz.: Filariae, a Trypanosome-like organism, undetermined encysted parasites in the head-muscles.)Google Scholar
*Corput, G. M. (1 11. 1901), The influence of certain trees in preventing the propagation of mosquitoes. Public Health Reports (U.S. Marine-Hospital Service), vol. XVI. No. 44, p. 2529. (Preliminary report on experiments made by hanging water-filled tins beneath various trees. Mosquitoes [genus not mentioned] bred readily in tins hung beneath oaks and palmettos, they were much less numerous beneath pines, whilst none bred beneath “china ball trees”. Experiments made at South Atlantic Quarantine.)Google Scholar
*Czygan, (12 09. 1901), Ueber einen ostpreussischen Malariaheerd. Deutsche med. Wochenschr. Jahrg. XXVII. No. 37, pp. 638641. (Describes occurrence of malaria in Eastern Prussia, about Benkheim. Found A. maculipennis in large numbers in the Goldap Valley. Caught imagines hibernating in houses.)Google Scholar
*Däubler, C. (1901), Ueber den heutigen Stand der Malariaforschung. Forstchritte der Med. No. 2. (An incomplete review of the subject.)Google Scholar
Daniels, C. W. (22 04, 1901), Some Observations on the Common Anopheles of British Central Africa, the Haunts and Habits of their Larvae during the Dry Season, 1899. Distribution and Breeding-Grounds of Anopheles in British Central Africa. Development of “Crescents” in “Small Dark” Anopheles. Royal Society. Reports to the Malaria Committe. 5th Series, pp. 2843.Google Scholar
Fearnside, C. F. (1901), Inoculation of Malaria by Anopheles. Scientific Memoira by Medical Officers of the Army of India. Part XII. pp. 1933, dated 27. I. 1901, 3 Plates. (Simla: Government Central Branch Press.)Google Scholar
*Felkin, R. W. (05, 1900), A note on Mosquito Nets and Malaria. Journal. of Tropical Med, vol. II. p. 249. (Cites his own experiences in Africa and the fact that Gordon pasha was certain that nets kept off malaria. Explains how the net should be used.)Google Scholar
*Fermi, C. and Cano-Brusco, (8 07, 1901), Versuche zur Malariaprophylaxe. Centralbl. f. Bakteriologie, vol. XXIX. pp. 958987. Four figures. (Figures, Anopheles-proof head-gear and gloves. Nothing new.)Google Scholar
*Fermi, C. and Lumbao, S. (22 08., 1900), Befreiung einer Stadt von den Mücken. Beitrag zur Prophylaxis der Malaria. Centralbl. f. Bakteriol., Abtheil. I. Bd. XXVIII. pp. 179189.Google Scholar
*Grandprè, A. D de, and Charmoy, D. d'E. de (1900) Les moustiques. Anatomie et Biologie. Brochure, 59 pp., 5 planches (Port-Louis, IIe Maurice).Google Scholar
Johnston, C. (1855), Auditory Apparatus of the Culex Mosquito. Quarterly Journ. of the Microscopical Sciences, vol. III. pp. 97102. 1 plate.Google Scholar
Joly, P. R. (20 05, 1901), Souvenirs Malgaches. Les Moustiques. Arch. de Parasitologie, vol. IV. pp. 256261.Google Scholar
*Liston, W. G. (10. 1901), A year' experience of the habits of Anopheles in Ellichpur. Indian Med. Gazette, vol. XXXVI. pp. 361366. (To be continued.)Google Scholar
*MacGregor, Sir W. (14 09., 1901), Notes on antimalarial measures now being taken at Lagos. Brit. Med. Journal., vol. II. pp. 680682.Google Scholar
*Manson, P.. (03, 1901), Aetiology, Prophylaxis, and Treatment of Malaria. The Practitioner, vol. LXVI. pp. 251270. (6 Figures.) (Nothing new.)Google Scholar
*Mattei, E. di (22 08., 1901), Die Prophylaxe des Malariafiebers durch Schutz des Menschen gegen Schnaken. Centralbl. f. Bakteriol., Abtheil. I. Bd. XXVIII. pp. 189195.Google Scholar
Mayer, A. M. (1874), Experiments on the supposed Auditory Apparatus of the Mosquito. The American Naturalist, vol. VIII. pp. 577592. Reprinted with author's corrections from Amer. Journ. of Sc. and Arts, 08. 1874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
*Minot, C. S. (15 01)., (1901), Notes on Anopheles. Journ. of the Boston Soc. of the Med. Sciences, vol. V. pp. 325329. (1 plate.) (Nothing new.)Google Scholar
Nuttall, G. H. F. (14 09., 1901), The Influence of Colour upon Anopheles. Brit. Med. Journ., vol. II. pp. 668669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
*Rees, D. C. (03, 1901), Malaria—Its Parasitology: with a description of Methods for demonstrating the Organisms in Man and Mosquito. The Practitioner, vol. LXVI. pp. 271300. (11 Figures.)Google Scholar
*Rosenau, M. J. (09. 1901), Disinfection against Mosquitoes with Formaldehyd and Sulphur Dioxid. Bulletin No. 6 of the Hygienic Laboratory, Treasury Dept., U. S. Marine-Hospital Service, Washington. 20 pp. (Experiments made under conditions to be encountered in paractice, the imagines of Culex pungens seven days old being exposed to the disinfectants named in the title. Formaldehyde proved ineffective, except when used in a concentration capable of killing bacterial spores, as the imagines crept into various fabrics exposed thus in a measure escaping the action of the disinfectant. Sulphur dioxide gas, in a dry or moist state, proved most effective, even in considerable dilution. “Contrary to formaldehyd it has surprising powers of penetrating through clothing and fabrics, killing the mosquitoes, even when hidden under 4 layers of toweling, in one hour's time.”)Google Scholar
*Ross, R. (15 10., 1901), First progress report on the campaign against mosquitoes in Sierra Leone. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Memoir V., Part I., 22 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sambon, L. W. (26 01., 1901), Notes on the Life-History of Anopheles maculipennis Meigen. Brit. Med. Journ., vol. I. pp. 195199. (1 chromolithographic plate and 8 figures.)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
*Sergent, E. (25 10. 1901), Existence des Anopheles en grand nombre dans une région d'où le paludisme a disparu. Annales de I'Institut Pasteur, T. XV. pp. 811816. One map. (Made similar investigations to ours upon the geographical distribution of Anopheles. He found A. maculipennis and A. bifurcatus present in large numbers in districts (Loiret, Seine-et-Marne, Seine-et-Oise) whence malaria has disappeared. He comes to essentially the same conclusions as we did regarding the cause of the disappearance of ague, but in view of the Anopheles being numerous he does not think that the disappearance is due to a reduction in the number of insects. See under Celli.)Google Scholar
*Smith, T. (15 01., 1901), Note on the occurrence of Anopheles punctipennis and A. quadrimaculatus in the Boston suburbs. Journ. of the Boston Soc. of the Med. Sciences, vol. v., pp. 321324.Google Scholar
*Stephens, J. W. W., Christophers, S. R. and James, S. P. (10. 1901), Note on the occurrence of Anopheles costalis in India. Indian Med. Gazette, vol. XXXVI. p. 361.Google Scholar
*Voges, , (1901), Ueber Mosquitointoxkation. Buenos-Aires, Oficina bacteriologica. Review in Centralbl. f. innere Med. 1901, No. 44. p. 1085. (States that Naftalan is a sovereign remedy for effects of mosquito-bite when applied immediately. It allays pain, causes redness to disappear, and prevents swelling. Compares its action to specific bacterial (!) antitoxins.)Google Scholar
*Wasielewski, von (1901), Ueber die Verbreitung und künstliche Uebertragung der Vogelmalaria. Archiv f. Hygiene, vol. XLI. Heft 1, pp. 6884. (Experiments upon the transmission of proteosomal infection by artificial inoculation to various birds. Reviews the literature; gives numerous interesting facts; he found, country to Koch and Ruge, that infected canaries did not acquire immunity after recovery, but suffered from chronic malaria lasting up to 11 months, very few parasites being present in the blood, their presence being only demonstrated by inoculating the blood into fresh animals.)Google Scholar
*Woldert, A.. (2 03, 1901), Cultivation of the Estivo-Autumnal Malarial parasite in the Mosquito, Anopheles quadrimaculata. Journ. of the American Med. Assoc. vol. XXXVI. pp. 559563. 5 Figures. Also under the title “Original Soecimens of Estivo-Autumnal Malatial Parasites in the Middle Intestine of the Mosquito (Anopheles quadrimaculata). Proc. of the Pathology. Soc. of Philadelphia, n.s., vol. IV., No. 6, April, 1901.CrossRefGoogle Scholar