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Seroprevalence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection among children diagnosed with protein-calorie malnutrition in Nigeria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2009

G. D. Fischer ,
C. R. Rinaldo Jr ,
D. Gbadero ,
L. A. Kingsley ,
O. Ndimbie ,
C. Howard ,
P. C. Montemayor ,
A. Langer  and
W. Sibolboro
G. D. Fischer
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
C. R. Rinaldo Jr*
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
D. Gbadero
Affiliation:
Department of Baptist Medical Center, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
L. A. Kingsley
Affiliation:
Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
O. Ndimbie
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
C. Howard
Affiliation:
Department of Baptist Medical Center, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
P. C. Montemayor
Affiliation:
Department of Baptist Medical Center, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
A. Langer
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
W. Sibolboro
Affiliation:
Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
*
*A417 Crubtree Hall, GSPH, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Excessive weight loss due to protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) is a significant problem in Nigerian children. This syndrome may be difficult to differentiate from the wasting disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. We studied 70 children admitted to the Baptist Medical Center in Ogbomosho, Nigeria in 1990 with PCM for prevalence of antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2. The cohort was from low-risk mothers and had a median age of 25 months (range, 4 months–9 years) with a weight deficit of at least 20% of the theoretical weight for age. Two sera were positive for anti-HIV-1 by both ELISA and Western blot (WB). A high prevalence of samples negative for HIV-1 antibody by ELISA were repeatedly reactive (11%, 8/70) or indeterminate (46%. 32/70) by WB. None of the sera was positive for antibody to HIV-2. There was no correlation of ELISA positivity or extent of WB banding with successful recovery from malnutrition. These results indicate a relatively low but significant prevalence of HIV-1 infection in Nigerian children with PCM. The high prevalence of indeterminate reactions in WB assays for HIV-1 suggests that other procedures may be necessary for confirmatory diagnosis of HIY-1 infection in this African population.

Type
Research Article
Information
Epidemiology & Infection , Volume 110 , Issue 2 , April 1993 , pp. 373 - 378
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

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