Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-b6zl4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-27T00:37:15.176Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Prospective study of diarrhoeal disease in a cohort of rural Mexican children: incidence and isolated pathogens during the first two years of life

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

Alejandro Cravioto ,
Rosa E. Reyes ,
Roberto Ortega ,
Guadalupe Fernández ,
Raymundo Hernández  and
Dolores López
Alejandro Cravioto
Affiliation:
Programme for Research in New Immunizing Agents, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnología-DIF, Avenida Imán 1, Tlalpan 14410, D.F., México
Rosa E. Reyes
Affiliation:
Programme for Research in New Immunizing Agents, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnología-DIF, Avenida Imán 1, Tlalpan 14410, D.F., México
Roberto Ortega
Affiliation:
Programme for Research in New Immunizing Agents, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnología-DIF, Avenida Imán 1, Tlalpan 14410, D.F., México
Guadalupe Fernández
Affiliation:
Programme for Research in New Immunizing Agents, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnología-DIF, Avenida Imán 1, Tlalpan 14410, D.F., México
Raymundo Hernández
Affiliation:
Programme for Research in New Immunizing Agents, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnología-DIF, Avenida Imán 1, Tlalpan 14410, D.F., México
Dolores López
Affiliation:
Programme for Research in New Immunizing Agents, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnología-DIF, Avenida Imán 1, Tlalpan 14410, D.F., México
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Colonization of the intestine by putative pathogens was followed longitudinally in a cohort of 56 infants born during one calendar year in a rural Mexican village with faecal cultures taken every fortnight and every time a child had diarrhoea. The frequency of isolation of pathogens during episodes of diarrhoea was compared with that of matched controls from the same cohort. Incidence of diarrhoea during the first year of life was 98%, diminishing to 93% during the second year. The incidence curves for each year were not significantly different (P > 0·1). Isolation of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli producing heat-stable (ST) and/or heat-labile (LT) enterotoxins and rotaviruses was significantly higher in infants with diarrhoea during the first 2 years of life. In the case of shigella, although no significant differences were found by semester of life, 13 of 16 children in which these strains were found had diarrhoea. Isolation of Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and protozoa were not significantly different in the two groups during the period studied. Strains showing localized adherence to HEp-2 cells or the presence of colonization factor antigens I or E8775 were found with significantly higher frequency in children with diarrhoea. Eighty-two percent of ST+ or LT+ ETEC strains isolated produced one of the three known colonization factors.

Type
Special Article
Information
Epidemiology & Infection , Volume 101 , Issue 1 , August 1988 , pp. 123 - 134
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1988

References

REFERENCES

Black, R. E., Merson, M. H., Huq, I., Alim, A. R. M. A. & Yunus, M. D. (1981). Incidence and severity of rotavirus and Escherichia coli diarrhoea in ruralBangladesh. Lancet i, 141–143.Google Scholar
Black, R. E., Merson, M. H., Rahaman, A. S. M. M., Yunus, M., Alim, A. R. M. A., Huq, I., Yolken, R. H. & Curlin, G. T. (1980). A two year study of bacterial, viral and parasitic agents associated with diarrhea in rural Bangladesh. Journal of Infectious Diseases 142, 660–664.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowan, S. T. & Steel, K. J. (1974). Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cravioto, A., Gross, R. J., Scotland, S. M. & Rowe, B. (1979). An adhesive factor found in strains of Escherichia coli belonging to the traditional enteropathogenic serotypes. Current Microbiology 3, 95–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cravioto, A., Scotland, S. M. & Rowe, B. (1982). Hemagglutination activity and colonization factor antigens I and II in enterotoxigenic and non-enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli isolated from humans. Infection and Immunity 36, 189–197.Google Scholar
Dean, A. G., Ching, Y. C., Williams, R. G. & Harden, L. B. (1972). Test for Escherichia coli enterotoxin using infant mice: application in a study of diarrhea in children in Honolulu. Journal of Infectious Diseases 125, 407–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donta, S. T., Wallace, R. B., Whipp, S. C. & Olarte, J. (1977). Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and diarrheal disease in Mexican children. Journal of Infectious Diseases 135, 482–485.Google Scholar
Evans, D. G., Evans, D. J., Tjoa, W. S. & DuPont, H. L. (1978). Detection and characterization of colonization factor of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates from adults with diarrhea. Infection and Immunity 19, 727–736.Google Scholar
Faust, E. C., Russell, P. & Jung, R. C. (1970). Craig and Faust's Clinical Parasitology. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger.Google Scholar
Feachem, R., Burns, E., Cairncross, S., Cronin, A., Cross, P., Curtis, D., Khan, M. K., Lamb, D. & Southhall, H. (1978). Water, Health and Development: An Interdisciplinary Evaluation. London: Tri-Med Books.Google Scholar
Freiman, I., Hastman, E., Kassel, H., Robins-Browne, R. M., Schoub, B. D., Koornhof, H. J., Lecatsas, G. & Prozesky, O. W. (1977). A microbiological study of gastroenteritis in black infants. South African Medical Journal 52, 261–265.Google Scholar
Gaastra, W. & de Graaf, F. K. (1982). Host specific fimbrial adhesins of non-invasive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains. Microbiological Reviews 46, 129–161.Google Scholar
Glass, R. E., Svennerholm, A. M., Stoll, B. J., Khan, M. R., Hossain, K. M. B., Huq, M. I. & Holmgren, J. (1983). Protection against cholera in breast-fed children by antibodies in breast milk. New England Journal of Medicine 308, 1389–1392.Google Scholar
Göthefors, L., Åhren, C., Stoll, B., Barus, D. K., Ørskov, F., Salek, A. & Svennerholm, A. M. (1985). Presence of colonization factor antigens on fresh isolates of fecal Escherichia coli: a prospective study. Journal of Infectious Diseases 152, 1128–1133.Google Scholar
Guerrant, R. L., Kirchhoff, L. V., Shields, D. S., Nations, M. K., Leslie, J., de Sousa, M. A., Araujo, J. G., Correia, L. L., Sauer, K. T., McClelland, K. E., Trowbridge, F. L. & Hughes, J. M. (1983). Prospective study of diarrheal illness in Northeastern Brazil: patterns of disease, nutritional impact, etiologies, and risk factors. Journal of Infectious Diseases 148, 986–997.Google Scholar
Kaplan, R. L. Campylobacter. In Manual of Clinical Microbiology (ed. Lennette, E. H., Balows, A., Hausler, W. J. and Truant, J. P.), pp. 235–241. Washington, D.C.: American Society for Microbiology.Google Scholar
Levine, M. M., Kaper, J. B., Black, R. E. & Clements, M. L. (1983). New knowledge on pathogenesis of bacterial enteric infections as applied to vaccine development. Microbiological Reviews 47, 510–550.Google Scholar
Levine, M. M., Nataro, J. P., Karch, H., Baldini, M. M., Kaper, J. B., Black, R. E., Clements, M. L. & O'Brien, A. D. (1985). The diarrheal response of humans to some classic serotypes of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli is dependent on a plasmid encoding an enteroadhesive factor. Journal of Infectious Diseases 152, 550–559.Google Scholar
Mata, L. J. (1978). The Children of Santa María Cauqué: A Prospective Field Study of Health and Growth. Boston: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Mata, L. J. & Urrutia, J. J. (1971). Intestinal colonization of breast-fed children in a rural area of low socioeconomic level. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 176, 93–109.Google Scholar
Mata, L. J., Urrutia, J. J. & Gordon, J. E. (1967). Diarrhoeal disease in a cohort of Guatemala village children observed from birth to age two years. Tropical and Geographic Medicine 19, 247–257.Google Scholar
Nataro, J. P., Baldini, M. M., Kaper, J. B., Black, R. E., Bravo, N. & Levine, M. M. (1985). Detection of an adherence factor of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with a DNA probe. Journal of Infectious Diseases 152, 560–565.Google Scholar
Ørskov, F. & Ørskov, I. (1975). Escherichia coli O:H serotypes isolated from human blood. Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica 8B, 595–600.Google Scholar
Paulozzi, L. J., Johnson, K. E., Kamahele, L. M., Clausen, C. R., Riley, L. W. & Helgerson, S. D. (1986). Diarrhea associated with adherent enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in an infant and toddler center, Seattle, Washington. Pediatrics 77, 269–300.Google Scholar
Pickering, L. K., Evans, D. J., Muñoz, O., DuPont, H. L., Coello-Ramirez, P., Vollet, J. J., Conklin, R. H., Olarte, J. & Kohl, S. (1978). Prospective study of enteropathogens in children with diarrhea in Houston and Mexico. Journal of Pediatrics 93, 383–388.Google Scholar
Rodriguez, W. J., Kim, H. W., Arrobio, J. O., Brandt, C. D., Chanock, R. M., Kapikian, A. Z., Wyatt, R. G. & Parrot, R. H. (1977). Clinical features of acute gastroenteritis associated with human reovirus-like agent in infants and young children. Journal of Pediatrics 91, 188–193.Google Scholar
Rothbaum, R., MacAdams, A. J., Giannella, R. & Partin, J. C. (1982). A clinicopathologic study of enterocyte-adherent Escherichia coli: a cause of protracted diarrhea in infants. Gastroenterology 83, 441–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Runnels, P. L., Moon, H. W. & Schneider, R. A. (1980). Development of resistance with host age to adhesion of K99+Escherichia coli to isolated intestinal epithelial cells. Infection and Immunity 28, 298–300.Google Scholar
Scaletzky, I. C. A., Silva, M. L. M., Toledo, M. R. F., Davis, B. R., Blake, P. A. & Trabulsi, L. R. (1985). Correlation between adherence to HeLa cells and serogroups, serotypes, and bioserotypes of Escherichia coli. Infection and Immunity 49, 528–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scaletzky, I. C. A., Silva, M. L. M. & Trabulsi, L. R. (1984). Distinctive patterns of adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HeLa cells. Infection and Immunity 45, 534–536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siegel, S. (1956). Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Simhon, A., Mata, L., Vives, M., Rivera, L., Vargas, S., Ramirez, G., Lizano, L., Catarinella, G. & Azofeifa, J. (1985). Low endemicity and low pathogenicity of rotavirus among rural children in Costa Rica. Journal of Infectious Diseases 152, 1134–1142.Google Scholar
Svennerholm, A. M. & Holmgren, J. (1978). Identification of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin by means of a ganglioside immunosorbent assay (GM1-ELISA) procedure. Current Microbiology 1, 19–23.Google Scholar
Thomas, L. V., Cravioto, A., Scotland, S. M. & Rowe, B. (1982). New fimbrial antigenic type (E8775) that may represent a colonization factor in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in humans. Infection and Immunity 35, 1119–1124.Google Scholar
Thomas, L. V. & Rowe, B. (1982). The occurrence of colonization factors (CFA/I, CFA/IT and E8775) in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli from various countries in South East Asia. Medical Immunology and Microbiology 171, 85–90.Google Scholar