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Mortality from cancer and cardiovascular diseases in the county boroughs of England and Wales classified according to the sources and hardness of their water supplies, 1958–1967

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

Percy Stocks
Percy Stocks
Affiliation:
34 Brompton Avenue, Colwyn Bay, Wales
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Summary

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Relative rates of proportionate mortality from cancer of six sites based on total cancer deaths and the proportions expected in all towns, and from four types of cardiovascular disease based on total deaths from all causes, have been related in the 80 county boroughs of England and Wales to the sources of water supply and to the average hardness of water in. the towns. The sources of water, from upland surfaces, artesian wells and rivers, were classified in eight groups, and significant associations were found for cancers of the stomach, oesophagus, prostate, male bladder and female breast, and for hypertensive and chronic rheumatic heart disease. No associations were apparent with intestinal cancer, vascular disease of the nervous system or arteriosclerotic heart disease. Hardness or softness of the water was classified in seven groups and significant associations were found for the same diseases as for source of water, none being evident for coronary disease.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Hygiene , Volume 71 , Issue 2 , June 1973 , pp. 237 - 252
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1973

References

REFERENCES

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