Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T16:05:38.033Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Microbial investigation of the air in an apartment building

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2009

Carole Simard
Affiliation:
Centre de recherche en virologie, Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, C.P. 100, Laval, Québec, H7N 4Z3, Canada
Michel Trudel
Affiliation:
Centre de recherche en virologie, Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, C.P. 100, Laval, Québec, H7N 4Z3, Canada
Gilles Paquette
Affiliation:
Centre de recherche en virologie, Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, C.P. 100, Laval, Québec, H7N 4Z3, Canada
Pierre Payment
Affiliation:
Centre de recherche en virologie, Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, C.P. 100, Laval, Québec, H7N 4Z3, Canada
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The microbial and viral flora in the ventilating ducts of an apartment building was evaluated. Several types of sampler (slit sampler, Andersen sampler, large volume air sampler) were used to evaluate the hourly, weekly and seasonal variation of this flora. The mean bacterial concentration was 17·2 c.f.u./m3 with a maximum level at 07.30 h (41·3 c.f.u./m3) and a minimal concentration in the early afternoon (8 c.f.u./m3). The bacterial concentration observed correlated with the relative humidity in the air-ducts although there were no seasonal differences. The bacteria were mainly gram-positive cocci (73·5%) represented by a large number of Micrococcaceae (47·1 %); gram-positive bacilli accounted for 14·2% of the isolates, gram-negative bacilli 120% and gram-negative cocci 0–3%. The majority of the bacteria-carrying particles were in the respirable range with 80·4 % of them being less than 5 γm. The methods used did not result in the isolation of viruses during the winter sampling period.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1983

References

REFERENCES

Andersen, A. A. (1958). New sampler for the collection, sizing and enumeration of viable airborne particles. Journal of Bacteriology 76, 471484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bourdillon, R. R. & Colebrook, L. (1946). Air hygiene in dressing rooms for burns or major-wounds. Ijancet i, 501565.Google Scholar
Bourdillon, R. R., Lidwkll, O. M. & Thomas, J. C. (1941). A slit sampler for collecting and counting airborne bacteria. Journal of Hygiene 41, 197224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Couch, R. R. (1981). Viruses and indoor air pollution. Bulletin of the Xew York Academy of Medicine 57, 907921.Google ScholarPubMed
De Ome, K. R. (1944). Effect of temperature and humidity and glyeol vapour on viability of airborne bacteria. American Journal of Hygiene 40. 230250.Google Scholar
Duguin, J. P. (1946). The size and the duration of air carriage of respiratory droplets and droplet nuclei. Journal of Hygiene 44, 471479.Google Scholar
Duguid, J. P. &. Wallace, A. T. (1948). Air infection with dust liberated from clothing. Imncet, ii, 845849.Google Scholar
Dunklin, K. W. & Puck, T. T. (1948). The lethal effect of relative humidity on airborne bacteria. Journal of Experimental Medicine 87, 87101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Favkero, M. S., Puleo, J. R., Marshall, J. H. & Oxborrow, G. S. (1966). Comparative levels and types of microbial contamination detected in industrial clean rooms. Applied Microbiology 14, 539551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finch, J.Em Prince, J. & Hawksworth, M. (1978). A bacteriological survey of the domestic environment. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 45, 357394.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gerba, P. G., Wallis, C. & Melnick, J. L. (1975). Microbiological hazards of household toilets: droplets production and the fate of residual organisms. Applied Microbiology 30, 220237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Green, V. W., Vesley, P., Bond, R. G. & Michaelsen, G. S. (1962). Microbiological contamination of hospital air. Applied Microbiology 10, 501571.Google Scholar
Hatch, T. F. (1991). Distribution and deposition of inhaled particles in respiratory tract. Bacteriological Reviews 25, 237240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinkle, L. E. & Murray, S. H. (1981). The importance of the quality of indoor air. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 57, 827844.Google ScholarPubMed
Hirch, A. (1951). Bacterial contamination of air in boot and shoo factories. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 8, 813.Google Scholar
Hollowell, C. D., Berk, J. V. & Traymor, G. W. (1979). Impact of reduced infiltration and ventilation on indoor air quality in residential buildings. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning, Engineers Inc. Transactions 85, 810827.Google Scholar
Houk, V. N. (1980). Spread of tuberculosis via recirculated air in a naval vessel: the Byrd study. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 353, 1024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, E. O. (1972). The Identification of Unusual Pathogenic Gram-negative Bacteria. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia.Google Scholar
Knight, V. (1980). Viruses as agents of airborne contagion. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 353, 147156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Langmuir, A. D. (1961). Epidemiology of airborne infection. Bacteriology Reviews 25, 173181.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lidwell, O. M. & Noble, W. C. (1965). A modification of the Andersen samples for use in occupied environments. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 28, 280282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
May, K. R. (1964). Calibration of a modified Andersen bacterial aerosol sampler. Applied Microbiology 12, 37–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moschandreas, D. J. (1981). Exposure to pollutants and daily time budgets of people. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 57, 845850.Google ScholarPubMed
National Research Council, (Canada) (1980). A study of the feasibility of reducing the energy consumption of apartment buildings by the use of recirculated air for ventilation. Report for contract no. 78–00002.Google Scholar
Noble, W. C., Lidwell, O. M. & Kingston, D. (1963). The size distribution of airborne particles carrying micro-organisms. Journal of Hygiene 61, 385391.Google ScholarPubMed
Pincus, S. & Stern, A. C. (1937). A study of air pollution in New York City. American Journal of Public Health 27, 321333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Riley, R. L. (1979). Indoor spread of respiratory infection by recirculation of air. Bulletin de Physiopathologie Respiratoire 15, 699705.Google ScholarPubMed
Riley, R. L. & O'grady, F. (1961). Airborne infection, transmission and control. New York: The Macmillan Co.Google Scholar
Scott, E., Bloomfield, S. F. & Barlow, C. G. (1982). An investigation of microbinl contamination in the home. Journal of Hygiene 89, 270293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Webb, S. J. (1950). Factors affecting the viability of airborne bacteria. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 5, 649669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wells, W. F. (1955). Airborne contagion and air hygiene. An Ecological Study of Droplet Infections, p. 423. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Wells, W. F. & Zapposodi, P. (1948). The effect of humidity of streptococci antomized in air. Science 96, 277278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, L. A., Hadley, D. J., Davids, D. E. & Naylor, R. (1975). Improved large-volume sampler for the collection of bacterial cells from aerosol. Applied Microbiology 29, 335339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, R. E. O., Lidwell, O. M. & Hirch, A. (1956). The bacterial flora of the air of occupied rooms. Journal of Hygiene 54, 512523.Google Scholar