Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T22:35:05.102Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Clinical and clinical laboratory aspects of nocardial infection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2009

David A. Stevens
Affiliation:
Dept. of Medicine, Sta. Clara Valley Med. Ctr., San Jose, California, 95128USA, and Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, and Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

It is nearly 100 years since Noeard described bovine farcy, a granulomatous disease of cattle characterized by abscesses, sinus tracts and pulmonary disease (Nocard, 1888). This was the first disease due to Nocardia species described. Since that time our knowledge of the role of the nocardiae in human veterinary diseases, of the epidemiology of these diseases, and their diagnosis and treatment, has enlarged rapidly. This paper attempts to give an overview of our current understanding of these diseases.

Type
Special Feature: Edmond-Isadore-Etienne Nocard
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1983

References

REFERENCES

Baum, G. L., Feldman, H. A., Lepper, M. H., Sanford, J. P., Wehrle, P. F. & Green, R. A. (1970). Definitions and classifications of infectious reactions of the lung. American Review of Respiratory Diseases 101, 139.Google Scholar
Beaman, B. L., Burnside, J., Edwards, B. & Causey, W. (1976). Nocardial infections in the United States, 1972–74. Journal of Infectious Diseases 134, 286290.Google Scholar
Bennett, J. E. & Jennings, A. E.Factors influencing susceptibility of Nocardia species to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 13, 624627.Google Scholar
Blumer, S. O. & Kaufman, L. (1979). Microimmunodiffusion test for Nocardiosis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 10, 308312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buechner, H. A., Seabury, J. H., Campbell, C. C., Georg, L. K., Kaufman, L. & Kaplan, W. (1973). The current status of serologic, immunologic and skin tests in the diagnosis of pulmonary mycoses. Chest 63, 259270.Google Scholar
Cox, F. & Hughes, W. T. (1975). Contagious and other aspects of nocardiosis in the compromised host. Pediatrics 55, 135137.Google Scholar
Curry, W. A. (1980). Human nocardiosis: A clinical review with selected case reports. Archives of Internal Medicine 140, 818820.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cynamon, M. H. & Palmer, G. S. (1981). In vitro susceptibility of Nocardia asteroides to N-formimidoyl thienamycin and several cephalosporins. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 20, 841842.Google Scholar
Dalovisio, J. R. & Pankey, G. A. (1978). In vitro susceptibility of Nocardia asteroides to amikacin. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 13, 128129.Google Scholar
Ferguson, H. R., McClatchy, J. K., Sharpton, T. R. & Minden, P. (1978). Immunological method to differentiate between antigens of tubercle bacilli, other mycobacterial species, and non-acid-fast bacteria. Infection and Immunity 22, 101106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folb, P. I., Altmann, G., Merzbach, D. & Ipp, E. (1976). Nocardiosis in Israel: A report of five cases. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences 12, 150153.Google Scholar
Frazier, A. R., Rosenow, K. C. & Roberts, G. D. (1975). Nocardiosis: A review of 25 cases occurring during 24 months. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 50, 657662.Google Scholar
Geiseler, P. J. & Andersen, B. R. (1979). Results of therapy in systemic nocardiosis. American Journal of the Medical Sciences 278, 188194.Google Scholar
Geiseler, P. J., Check, F., Lamothe, F. & Andersen, B. R. (1979). Failure of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in invasive Nocardia asteroides infection. Archives of Internal Medicine 139. 355356.Google Scholar
Gombert, M. E. (1982). Susceptibility of Nocardia asteroides to various antibiotics, including newer beta-lactams, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amikacin, and N-formimidoyl thiena-mycin. Antimicrobiol Agents and Chemotherapy 21, 10111012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graybill, J. R. & Silverman, B. D. (1969). Sulphur granules. Archives of Internal Medicine 123, 430432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gutmann, L., Goldstein, F. W., Kitzis, M. D., Hautefort, B., Darmon, C. & Acar, J. F. (1983). Susceptibility of Nocardia asteroides to 40 antibiotics, including 22 β-lactams. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 23. 248251.Google Scholar
Houang, E. T., Lovett, I. S., Thompson, F. D., Harrison, A. R.. Joekes, A. M. & Goodfellow, M. (1980). Nocardia asteroides infection – a transmissible disease. Journal of Hospital Infection 1, 3140.Google Scholar
Humphreys, D. W., Crowder, J. G. & White, A. (1975). Serological reactions to Nocardia antigens. American Journal of the Medical Sciences 269, 323326.Google Scholar
Idriss, Z. H., Cunningham, R. J. & Wilfert, C. M. (1975). Nocardiosis in children: Report of three cases and review of the literature. Pediatrics 55. 479484.Google Scholar
Laub, R., Deville, J. & Cocito, C. (1978). Immunological relatedness of ribosomes from Mycobacteria, Nocardiae and Corynebacteria, and micro-organisms in leprosy lesions. Infection and Immunity 22, 540547.Google Scholar
Louria, D. B. (1967). Deep-seated mycotic infections, allergy to fungi and myeotoxins. New England Journal of Medicine 277, 10651071. 1126–1133.Google Scholar
Lovett, I. S., Houang, E. T., Burge, S., Turner-Warwick, M., Thomson, F. D., Harrison, A. R., Joekes, A. M. & Parkinson, M. C. (1981). An outbreak of Nocardia asteroides infection in a renal transplant unit. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 50. 123136.Google Scholar
Nocard, M. E. (1888). Note sur la maladie des bœufs de la Guadeloupe connue sous le nom de farcin. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur 2, 293302.Google Scholar
Palmer, D. L., Harvey, R. L. & Wheeler, J. K. (1974). Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in Nocardia asteroides infection. Medicine 53. 391401.Google Scholar
Pier, A. C. & Enright, J. B. (1962). Nocardia asteroides as a mammary pathogen of cattle. III. Immunologie reactions of infected animals. American Journal of Veterinary Research 23. 284292.Google Scholar
Pier, A. C. & Fichtner, R. E. (1971). Serologic typing of Nocardia asteroides by immunodiffusion. American Review of Respiratory Disease 103. 698707.Google ScholarPubMed
Pier, A. C. & Fichtner, R. K. (1981). Distribution of serotypes of Nocardia asteroides from animal, human and environmental sources. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 13. 548553.Google Scholar
Pier, A. C. & Keeler, R. F. (1965). Extracellular antigens of Nocardia asteroides. American Review of Respiratory Disease 91, 391399.Google Scholar
Pier, A. C.Thurston, J. R. & Larsen, A. B. (1968). A diagnostic antigen for nocardiosis: Comparative tests in cattle with nocardiosis and mycobacteriosis. American Journal of Veterinary Research 29. 397403.Google Scholar
Presant, C. A.Wiernik, P. H. & Serpick, A. A. (1973). Factors affecting survival in Nocardiosis. American Review of Respiratory Disease 108. 14441448.Google Scholar
Ridell, M. (1977). Studies on Corynebacterial precipitinogens common to Mycobacteria, Nocardine and Rhodochrous. International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology 55, 468475.Google Scholar
Rosett, W. & Hodges, G. R. (1978). Recent experiences with nocardial infections. American Journal of the Medical Sciences 276, 279285.Google Scholar
Scholer, H. J. (1978). Sulfonamides in experimental nocardiosis, histoplasmosis, and South American blastomycosis. Chemotherapy 13, 6580.Google Scholar
Shainhouse, J. Z., Pier, A. C. & Stevens, D. A. (1978). Complement fixation antibody test for human nocardiosis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 8, 516519.Google Scholar
Smego, R. A., Moeller, M. B. & Gallis, H. A. (1983). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy for nocardia infections. Archives of Internal Medicine 143, 711718.Google Scholar
Stevens, D. A., Pier, A. C., Beaman, B. L., Morozumi, P. A., Lovett, I. S. & Houang, E. T. (1981). Laboratory evaluation of an outbreak of Nocardiosis in immunocompromised hosts. American Journal of Medicine 71, 928934.Google Scholar
Strauss, R. E., Kligman, A. M. & Pillsbury, D. M. (1951). The chemotherapy of actinomycosis and nocardiosis. American Review of Tuberculosis 63, 441448.Google Scholar
Sugar, A. M., Chahal, R. S. & Stevens, D. A. (1983). A cephalosporin active in vivo against Nocardia: efficacy of cefotaxime in murine model of acute pulmonary nocardiosis. Journal of Hygiene 91, 377384.Google Scholar
Utz, J. P. (1977). Fungal diseases. In Scientific Approaches to Clinical Neurology, ch. 36 (ed. Goldensohn, E. S. and Appel, S.), pp. 527540. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger.Google Scholar
Wallace, R. J., Septimus, E. J., Musher, D. M., Berger, M. B. ± Martin, R. R. (1979). Treatment of experimental nocardiosis in mice: Comparison of amikacin and sulfonamide. Journal of Infectious Diseases 140, 244248.Google Scholar
Wallace, R. J., Septimus, E. J., Williams, T. W., Conklin, R. H., Satterwhite, T. K., Bushby, M. B. & Hollowell, D. C. (1982). Use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for treatment of infections due to Nocardia. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 4, 315325.Google Scholar
Young, L. S., Armstrong, D., Blevins, A. & Lieberman, P. (1971). Nocardia asteroides infection complicating neoplastic disease. American Journal of Medicine 50, 356367.Google Scholar