Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T19:22:54.932Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Population Change and Environment in Central and Eastern Kenya

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 August 2009

Thomas E. Downing ,
Sharon Lezberg ,
Cara Williams  and
Leonard Berry
Thomas E. Downing
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Fellow, National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO Box 3000, Boulder, Colorado 80307, USA
Sharon Lezberg
Affiliation:
Research Associate, Program for International Development, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, USA
Cara Williams
Affiliation:
Research Associate, Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, USA
Leonard Berry
Affiliation:
Vice-President, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

This analysis of population growth and environmental changes in Central and Eastern Kenya illustrates two models of the interactions of population and resources: (1) the classical neo-Malthusian model that relates population growth to conservation of natural resources but ultimate degradation, and (2) the proposition that population growth induces intensified agricultural production and environmental conservation.

Type
Main Papers
Information
Environmental Conservation , Volume 17 , Issue 2 , Summer 1990 , pp. 123 - 133
Copyright
Copyright © Foundation for Environmental Conservation 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agatsiva, J.L. & Mwendwa, H. (1982). Land Use Mapping of Kenya Using Remote Sensing Techniques. Kenya Rangeland Ecological Monitoring Unit, Nairobi. [Not available for checking.]Google Scholar
Akong'a, J. & Downing, T.E. (1988). Smallholder vulnerability and response to drought. Pp. 221–48 in The Impact of Climatic Variations on Agriculture. Volume 2 (Eds Parry, M.L., Carter, T.R. & Konijn, N.T.). Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands: xii + 764 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Bernard, F.E. & Thom, D.J. (1981). Population pressure and human carrying capacity in selected locations of Machakos and Kitui Districts. Journal of Developing Areas, 15, pp. 381–406.Google ScholarPubMed
Beskok, O. & Dow, I.E. jun., (undated). The Impact of Rural Access Roads on Migration and Family Formation Patterns. Population Studies and Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya: ii + 118 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Blaikie, P. & Brookfield, H. (1987). Land Degradation Society. Methuen, New York, NY, USA: xxiv + 296 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Boserup, E. (1965). The Conditions of Agricultural Growth. Aldine, Chicago, Illinois, USA: 124 pp.Google Scholar
Brown, L.R. (1965). Increasing World Food Output. USDA Foreign Agricultural Economic Report, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA: vii + 140 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Central Bureau of Statistics [CBS] (1971). Kenya Population Census, 1969. Statistics Division, Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, Nairobi, Kenya: ii + 123 pp.Google Scholar
Central Bureau of Statistics [CBS] (1981 a). Compendium to Volume 1, 1979 Population Census. CBS, Nairobi, Kenya: iii + 326 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Central Bureau of Statistics [CBS] (1981 b). Kenya Population Census, 1979. Volume I. Government Printers, Nairobi, Kenya: iii + 326 pp.Google Scholar
Central Bureau of Statistics [CBS] (1981 c). Statistical Abstract, 1981. Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, Nairobi, Kenya: vii + 289 pp.Google Scholar
Central Bureau of Statistics [CBS] (1981 d). The Integrated Rural Surveys, 1976–79, Basic Report. Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, Nairobi, Kenya: 183 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Central Bureau of Statistics [CBS] (1982). Economic Survey, 1982. CBS, Nairobi, Kenya: iii + 229 pp.Google Scholar
Central Bureau of Statistics [CBS] (undated). 1979 Population Census, Volume II, Analytical Report. CBS, Nairobi, Kenya: ii + 132 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Clark, C. (1967). Population Growth and Land Use. St Martin's Press, New York, NY, USA: 406 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Davies, D.H. (1988). Spatial analysis a non-event? The case of Zimbabwe's development planning. The Professional Geographer, 40(2); pp. 140–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downing, T.E., Kamau, G., Karaba, M., Lewis, L.A. & Ndonye, M. (1985). Monitoring Soil Erosion in Kiambu and Murang' a Districts, Kenya. National Environment Secretariat, Nairobi, Kenya: x + 59 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Dubois, R., Berry, L. & Ford, R. (1983). Catchment Land Use and Its Implications for Coastal Resources Conservation. Clark University, Program for International Development, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA: iii + 66 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
EcoSystems, LTD (1986). Baseline Survey of Machakos District: 1985; Land Use Changes in Machakos District: 1981–1985. Report No. 4, Machakos Integrated Development Programme, Ecosystems, Nairobi, Kenya: iv + 81 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Futures Group, the (undated). Population and Development in Kenya. The Futures Group, Chapel Hill (mimeogr.). [Not available for checking.]Google Scholar
Giesen, W. & Kerkhof, K. van de (1984). The Impact of River Discharges on a Kenya Coral Reef Ecosystem. Part Two: Effects on the Malindi-Watamu Coastal Environment. Catholic University, Nijmegen, Netherlands: iii + 80 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Grigg, D. (1985). The World Food Problem, 1950–1980. Basil Blackwell, New York, NY, USA: 356 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Haugerud, A. (1983). The consequences of land tenure reform among smallholders in the Kenya highlands. Rural Africana, 15–16, pp. 65–90.Google Scholar
Higgins, G.M., Kassam, A.H., Naiken, L., Fischer, G. & Shah, M.M. (1982). Potential Population Supporting Capacities of Lands in the Developing World. Technical report of project INT/75/p. 13 ‘Land Resources for Populations of the Future’. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy: xi + 139 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Holmberg, G. (1985). An Economic Evaluation of Soil Conservation in Kalia Sub-location, Kitui District. Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, Nairobi, Kenya: 71 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Hunt, D. (1977). Poverty and agricultural development policy in a semi-arid area of eastern Kenya. African Environment Special Report, 5, pp. 74–91.Google Scholar
Jaetzold, R. & Schmidt, H. (1983). Farm Management Handbook of Kenya: Natural Conditions and Farm Management Information. Ministry of Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya: 739 pp., illustr. (Volume II, Part B, Central Kenya); 411 pp., illustr. (Volume II, Part C, East Kenya).Google Scholar
Kates, R.W. (1985). The interaction of climate and society. Pp. 3–36 in Climate Impact Assessment (Eds Kates, R.W., Ausubel, J.H. & Berberian, M.). John Wiley, New York, NY, USA: xix + 625 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Kates, R.W., Johnson, D.L. & Haring, K. Johnson (1977). Population, society and desertification. Pp. 261–318 in Desertification: Its Causes and Consequences (Ed. Secretariat of the UN Conference on Desertification). Pergamon, New York, NY, USA: iii + 448 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Kellman, M. (1987). World Hunger: A Neo-Malthusian Perspective. Praeger, New York, NY, USA: 261 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Laurenti, L. & Gerhart, J. (1972). Urbanization in Kenya, An International Urbanization Survey Report to the Ford Foundation. Ford Foundation, New York, NY, USA: iii + 64 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Lee, R.D. (1985). Malthus and Boserup: a dynamic synthesis. Pp. 96–130 in The State of Population Theory, Forward from Malthus (Eds Coleman, D. & Schofield, R.). Basil Blackwell, New York, NY, USA: 311 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Livingston, I. (1986). Rural Development, Employment and Income in Kenya. Gower, Brookfield, Vermont, USA: xx + 389 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Lovelock, J.E. (1979). Gaia, A New Look at Life on Earth. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA: xi + 157 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Low, A. (1986). Agricultural Development in Southern Africa. James Currey, London, England, UK: xiii + 217 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Mbithi, P. & Barnes, C. (1975). The Spontaneous Settlement Problem in Kenya. East African Literature Bureau, Nairobi, Kenya: vii + 192 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Mellor, J.W. (1988). The intertwining of environmental problems and poverty. Environment, 30(9), pp. 8–30.Google ScholarPubMed
Migot-Adholla, S.E. (1981). Population change and agricultural settlement in Kenya. Pp. 114–35 in Proceedings of the Workshop on the Interrelationship between Agricultural Settlement, Agricultural Development, and Population Change in Selected Eastern Africa Countries. Population Studies and Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya: 304 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Moore, T.R. (1979). Land use and erosion in the Machakos Hills. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 69, pp. 419–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Council for Population and Development (1984). Population Policy Guidelines. Sessional Paper No. 4 of 1984. Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Home Affairs, Nairobi, Kenya: ii + 39 pp.Google Scholar
National Environment Secretariat (1985). Population and Environment, Kilifi District. National Environment Secretariat, Nairobi, Kenya: iv + 30 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Obudho, R.A. (1979). Urban primacy in Kenya. Pp. 106–9 in The Spatial Structure of Development: A Study of Kenya (Eds Obudho, R.A. & Taylor, D.R.F.). Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA: xix + 315 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Odingo, R.S. (1971). Settlement and rural development in Kenya. Pp. 162–76 in Studies in East African Geography Development (Ed. Ominde, S.H.). Heinemann, Nairobi, Kenya: xii + 273 pp., illustr.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Keefe, P., Raskin, P. & Bernow, S. (Eds) (1984). Environment and Development in Kenya: Opportunities and Constraints. The Beijer Institute, Stockholm, Sweden: xi + 190 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
O'Leary, M. (1984). The Kitui Akamba, Economic and Social Change in Semi-arid Kenya. Heinemann, Nairobi, Kenya: xvi + 139 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Ominde, S.H. (Ed.) (1971). Studies in East African Geography and Development. Heinemann, Nairobi, Kenya: xii + 273 pp., illustr.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ominde, S.H. (Ed.) (1981). Population change and agricultural development in Kenya. Pp. 136–71 in Proceedings of the Workshop on the Interrelationship between Agricultural Settlement, Agricultural Development, and Population Change in Selected Eastern Africa Countries. Population Studies and Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya: 304 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Ongweny, G.S. (1978). Problems of soil and water conservation within the upper Tana catchment. Pp. 87–91 in Soil and Water Conservation in Kenya. (Occasional Paper No. 27.) Institute for Development Studies, Nairobi, Kenya: iv + 161 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Soja, E.N. (1968). The Geography of Modernization in Kenya: A Spatial Analysis of Social Economic and Political Change. (Syracuse Geographical Series No. 2.) Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, NY, USA: xi + 143 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Sombroek, W.G., Braun, H.M.H. & Pauw, B.J.A. van der (1982). Exploratory Soil Map and Agroclimatic Zone Map of Kenya. Kenya Soil Survey, Nairobi, Kenya: 156 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Thomas, D.B. (1974). Air Photo Analysis of Trends in Soil Erosion and Land Use in Part of Machakos District, Kenya. MSc thesis, University of Reading, Reading, England, UK: iii + 94 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Thomas, D.B. (1978). Some observations on soil conservation in Machakos District, with special reference to terracing. Pp. 25–39 in Soil and Water Conservation in Kenya. (Occasional Paper No. 27.) Institute for Development Studies, Nairobi, Kenya: iv + 161 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Thomas, D.B. & Senga, W.M. (Eds) (1983). Soil and Water Conservation in Kenya, Proceedings of a Second National Workshop. Institute for Development Studies, Nairobi, Kenya: xiv + 451 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Turner, B.L. II, & Brush, S.B. (Eds) (1987). Comparative Farming Systems. The Guilford Press, New York, NY, USA: xiv + 428 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Turner, B.L., Hanham, R.Q. & Portararo, A.V. (1977). Population pressure and agricultural intensity. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 67, pp. 384–96.Google Scholar
Wain, A.S. (1982). AM River Sediment Yields and Significance for Water Resources Development. Tana and Athi Rivers Development Authority, Nairobi, Kenya: 17 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
World Bank (1983). Kenya, Growth and Structural Change, Volume I. World Bank, Washington, DC, USA: xxiii + 308 pp., illustr.Google Scholar