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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 February 2009
Integrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs) were originally defined as linking biodiversity conservation in protected areas with local socioeconomic development (Wells & Brandon 1992); they have become management and conservation approaches linking biodiversity conservation with the socioeconomic development interests of different stakeholders at local, regional and national levels (Franks & Blomley 2004). ICDPs rely upon integrated management techniques that bring together stakeholders from different sectors in the creation and implementation of management plans with the long-term objective of managing the natural resources in a rational and sustainable manner (Cicin-Sain & Knecht, 1988). The involvement of major stakeholders, including local community members, is a key element in assessing the success of ICDPs (Brown & Wyckoff-Baird, 1992). Here we demonstrate adaptive improvements that have been successfully implemented in two ICDPs in the Moulouya Estuary of north-east Morocco (35°07'N 2°20'W). The work is based on nine years of continual experience in ICDP implementation, the results from key informant interviews and an internal evaluation.