Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T08:05:10.693Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The impact of the water rights system on smallholder irrigators' willingness to pay for water in Limpopo province, South Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 July 2010

STIJN SPEELMAN
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Tel: 0032 9 264 62 04. Fax: 0032 9 264 62 46. Email: [email protected]
STEFANO FAROLFI
Affiliation:
CIRAD, UMR G Eau and Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa (CEEPA), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, Republic of South Africa. Email: [email protected]
AYMEN FRIJA
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Email: [email protected]
MARIJKE D'HAESE
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Email: [email protected]
LUC D'HAESE
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium, and Department of Applied Biological Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium. Emails: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

Water rights are currently receiving increased attention from scholars and policymakers due to the growing understanding that ill-defined water rights impair efficient use. In South Africa, smallholder irrigation faces problems of low water use efficiency and cost recovery of government investments. This study uses contingent ranking to analyse the willingness to pay (WTP) of smallholder irrigators for changes in the water rights system. The results indicate that smallholders are prepared to pay considerably higher water prices if these are connected to improvements in the water rights system. By segmenting the population it was also shown that the importance attached to water rights dimensions varies in each segment. While lower institutional trust and lower income levels lead to a lower WTP for transferability, experiencing water shortage increases this WTP. Such information is valuable in guiding policy makers in the future design of water rights.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alriksson, S. and Öberg, T. (2008), ‘Conjoint Analysis for Environmental Evaluation: a review of methods and applications’, Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 15: 244257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Backeberg, G. (2006), ‘Reform of user charges, market pricing and management of water: problem or opportunity for irrigated agriculture?’, Irrigation and Drainage 55: 112.Google Scholar
Bateman, I.J., Cole, M.A., Georgiou, S., and Hadley, D.J. (2006), ‘Comparing contingent valuation and contingent ranking: a case study considering the benefits of urban river water quality improvements’, Journal of Environmental Management 79: 221231.Google Scholar
Beggs, S., Cardell, S., and Hausman, J. (1981), ‘Assessing the potential demand for electric cars’, Journal of Econometrics 16: 119.Google Scholar
Bennett, J. and Adamowicz, V. (2001), ‘Some fundamentals of environmental choice modeling’, in Bennett, J. and Blamey, R. (eds), The Choice Modelling Approach to Environmental Valuation, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjornlund, H. and McKay, J. (2002), ‘Aspects of water markets for developing countries: experiences from Australia, Chile and the US’, Environment and Development Economics 7: 769795.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjornlund, H. (2006) ‘Can water markets assist irrigators managing increased supply risk? Some Australian Experiences’, Water International 31: 221232.Google Scholar
Blamey, R., Gordon, J., and Chapman, R. (1999), ‘Choice modelling: assessing the environmental values of water supply options’, The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 43: 337357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, R. and Harris, E. (2008), ‘Efficiency gains from water markets: empirical analysis of Watermove in Australia’, Agricultural Water Management 95: 391399.Google Scholar
Bruns, B. (2003), ‘Water rights: a synthesis paper on institutional options for improving water allocation’, Paper presented at International Working Conference on Water Rights: Institutional Options for Improving Water Allocation, 12–15 February 2003, Hanoi, Vietnam.Google Scholar
Bruns, B. (2006), ‘Reconstituting water rights: pathways for polycentric praxis’, Paper presented at Survival of the Commons: Mounting Challenges and New Realities, International Association for the Study of Common Property, 19–23 June 2006, Bali, Indonesia.Google Scholar
Bruns, B. (2007), ‘Irrigation water rights: options for pro-poor reform’, Irrigation and Drainage 56: 237246.Google Scholar
Bruns, B. and Meinzen-Dick, R. (2005), ‘Frameworks for water rights: an overview of institutional options’, in Bruns, B., Ringler, C. and Meinzen-Dick, R. (eds), Water Rights Reform: Lessons for Institutional Design, Washington, USA: IFPRI.Google Scholar
Bruns, B., Ringler, C., and Meinzen-Dick, R. (2005), ‘Introduction’, in Bruns, B., Ringler, C. and Meinzen-Dick, R. (eds), Water Rights Reform: Lessons for Institutional Design, Washington, USA: IFPRI.Google Scholar
Burton, M., Marsh, S., and Patterson, J. (2007), ‘Community attitudes towards water management in the Moore Catchment, Western Australia’, Agricultural Systems 92: 157178.Google Scholar
Calatrava, J. and Garrido, A. (2005), ‘Spot water markets and risk in water supply’, Agricultural Economics 33: 131143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Challen, R. (2000), Institutions, Transaction Costs, and Environmental Policy: Institutional Reform for Water Resources, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crase, L. and Dollery, B. (2006), ‘Water rights: a comparison of the impacts of urban and irrigation reforms in Australia’, The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 50: 451462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denison, J. and Manona, S. (2009), ‘Principles, approaches and guidelines for the participatory revitalisation of smallholder irrigation schemes’, WRC Report No: TT 308-09, Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.Google Scholar
Do, T.N. and Bennett, J. (2009), ‘Estimating wetland biodiversity values: a choice modelling application in Vietnam's Mekong River Delta’, Environment and Development Economics 14: 163186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DWAF (2004), National Water Resources Strategy Paper of South Africa, Republic of South Africa: Department of Water Affairs and Forestry.Google Scholar
DWAF (2008a), WMA Charges 2008, Republic of South Africa: Department of Water Affairs and Forestry.Google Scholar
DWAF (2008b), Approved Raw Water Charges – 2008/09, National Water Resource Infrastructure, Republic of South Africa: Department of Water Affairs and Forestry.Google Scholar
FAO (2001), ‘Governance principles for concessions and contracts in public forests’, FAO Forestry paper 139, Rome: FAO.Google Scholar
Foster, V. and Mourato, S. (2002), ‘Testing for consistency in contingent ranking experiments’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 44: 309328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frija, A., Chebil, A., Speelman, S., and Van Huylenbroeck, G. (2008), ‘Effect of changes in the institutional structure of irrigation water property rights on the willingness to pay of farmers for water’, in Proceedings of the XIIth EAAE Congress, People, Food and Environments: Global Trends and European Strategies, 26–29 August 2008, Ghent, Belgium.Google Scholar
Hadjigeorgalis, E. (2008), ‘Managing drought through water markets: farmer preferences in the Rio Grande Basin’, Journal of the American Water Resources Association 44: 594605.Google Scholar
Halsema, A. and Withagen, C. (2008), ‘Managing multiple fishery pools: property rights regimes and market structures’, Environmental and Development Economics 13: 775794.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanemann, W.M. and Kanninen, B. (1999), ‘Statistical analysis of discrete-response CV data’, in Bateman, I.J. and Willis, K.G. (eds), Valuing Environmental Preferences: Theory and Practice of the Contingent Valuation Method in the US, EU, and Developing Countries, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 302441.Google Scholar
Hanley, N., Colombo, S., Tinch, D., Black, A., and Aftab, A. (2006), ‘Estimating the benefits of water quality improvements under the Water Framework Directive: are benefits transferable?’, European Review of Agricultural Economics 33: 391413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanley, N., Mourato, S., and Wright, R. (2001), ‘Choice modelling approaches: a superior alternative for environmental valuation’, Journal of Economic Surveys 15: 435462.Google Scholar
Hanley, N., Wright, R.E., and Adamowicz, V.L. (1998), ‘Using choice experiments to value the environment’, Environmental and Resource Economics 11: 413428.Google Scholar
Heltberg, R. (2002), ‘Property rights and natural resource management in developing countries’, Journal of Economic Surveys 16: 189214.Google Scholar
Herrera, P., Van Huylenbroeck, G., and Espinel, R. (2004), ‘An application of the contingent valuation method to assess the efficiency of the institutional structure of irrigation property rights: the case of the Peninsula of Santa Elena’, International Journal of Water Resource Development 20: 537551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, T.P. and Adamowicz, V.L. (2002), ‘Attribute based methods’, in Boyle, K.J. and Champ, P.A. (eds), A Primer on Non-market Valuation, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, Chapter 6.Google Scholar
Hope, R.A., Gowing, J.W., and Jewitt, G.P.W. (2008), ‘The contested future of irrigation in African rural livelihoods-analysis from a water scarce catchment in South Africa’, Water Policy 10: 173192.Google Scholar
Kanyoka, P., Farolfi, S., and Morardet, S. (2008), ‘Households’ preferences and willingness to pay for multiple use water services in rural areas of South Africa: an analysis based on choice modeling’, Water SA 34: 715724.Google Scholar
Libecap, G.D. (2009), ‘The tragedy of the commons: property rights and markets as solutions to resource and environmental problems’, The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 53: 129144.Google Scholar
Linde-Rahr, M. (2008), ‘Willingness to pay for forest property rights and the value of increased property rights security’, Environmental and Resource Economics 41: 465478.Google Scholar
Louw, D.B. and van Schalkwyk, H.D. (2002), ‘Efficiency of water allocation in South Africa: water markets as an alternative’, Paper presented at the Irrigation Water Policies: Micro and Macro Considerations Conference, 15–17 June 2002, Agadir, Morocco.Google Scholar
Matthews, O.P. (2004), ‘Fundamental questions about water rights and market reallocation’, Water Resources Research 40: W09S08.Google Scholar
McCannL., B. Colby, K.W. Easter, A. Kasterine, and K.V. Kuperane L., B. Colby, K.W. Easter, A. Kasterine, and K.V. Kuperane (2005), ‘Transaction cost measurement for evaluating environmental policies?’, Ecological Economics 52: 527542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McFadden, D. (1974), ‘Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behaviour’, in Zarembka, P. (ed), Frontiers in Econometrics, New York: Academic Press, pp. 105142.Google Scholar
Meinzen-Dick, R. and Nkonya, L. (2005), ‘Understanding legal pluralism in water rights: lessons from Africa and Asia’, Paper presented at the international workshop on African Water Laws: Plural Legislative Frameworks for Rural Water Management in Africa, 26–28 January 2005, Johannesburg.Google Scholar
Mondelaers, K., Verbeke, W., and Van Huylenbroeck, G. (2009), ‘Importance of health and environment as quality traits in the buying decision of organic products’, British Food Journal 111: 11201139.Google Scholar
Nieuwoudt, W.L. (2002), ‘Water market institutions in South Africa, lessons from Colorado’, Paper presented at the Conference on Irrigation Water Policies: Micro and Macro Consideration, 15–17 June 2002, Agadir, Morocco.Google Scholar
Nieuwoudt, W.L. and Armitage, R.M. (2004), ‘Water market transfers in South Africa: two case studies’, Water Resources Research 40: W09S05.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ntengwe, F.T. (2004), ‘The impact of consumer awareness of water sector issues on willingness to pay and cost recovery in Zambia’, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 29: 13011308.Google Scholar
Orne-Gliemann, M. (2008), ‘Water users’ associations from the users' perspective: local water management at Thabina irrigation scheme, Limpopo, South Africa’, Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa 4: 129.Google Scholar
Ostrom, E. (2000), ‘Private and Common Property Rights’, in Bouckaert, B. and De Geest, G. (eds), Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, Vol. II: Civil Law and Economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, pp. 332379.Google Scholar
Perret, S. (2002), ‘Water policies and smallholding irrigation schemes in South Africa: a history and new institutional challenges’, Water Policy 4: 283300.Google Scholar
Perret, S., Lavigne, M., Stirer, N., Yokwe, S., and Dikgale, K.S. (2003), ‘The Thabina irrigation scheme in a context of rehabilitation and management transfer: prospective analysis and local empowerment’, University of Pretoria, Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development Working Papers No 18071, South Africa.Google Scholar
Perret, S. and Geyser, M. (2007), ‘The cost of irrigation: adapting existing guidelines to assess the full financial costs of irrigation services. The case of smallholder schemes in South Africa’, Water SA 33: 6778.Google Scholar
Pott, A., Versfeld, K., van Rooyen, M., and Muir, A. (2009), ‘A scoping exercise to investigate the potential need for, and nature of, water trading in South Africa’, WRC Report No KV 222/09, Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.Google Scholar
Randall, A. (1978), ‘Property institutions and economic behavior’, Journal of Economic Issues 12: 121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Republic of South Africa (1998), National Water Act.Google Scholar
Rosegrant, M.W., Schleyer, R.G., and Yadav, S.N. (1995), ‘Water policy for efficient agricultural diversification: market-based approaches’, Food Policy 20: 203223.Google Scholar
Shi, T. (2006), ‘Simplifying complexity: rationalizing water entitlements in the Southern Connected River Murray System, Australia’, Agricultural Water Management 86: 229239.Google Scholar
Speelman, S., D'Haese, M., Buysse, J., and D'Haese, L. (2008a), ‘A measure for the efficiency of water use and its determinants, study at small-scale irrigation schemes in North-West Province, South Africa’, Agricultural Systems 98: 3139.Google Scholar
Speelman, S., Farolfi, S., Perret, S., D'Haese, M., and D'Haese, L. (2008b), ‘Irrigation water value at small-scale schemes: evidence from the North-West Province, South Africa’, International Journal of Water Resources Development 24: 621633.Google Scholar
Stein, R. (2005) ‘Water law in a democratic South Africa: a country case study examining the introduction of a public rights system’, Texas Law Review 83: 21672183.Google Scholar
Street, D.J., Burgess, L., and Louviere, J. (2005), ‘Quick and easy choice sets: constructing optimal and nearly optimal stated choice experiments’, International Journal of Research in Marketing 22: 459470.Google Scholar
Van Averbeke, W. and Mohamed, S.S. (2006), ‘Smallholder irrigation schemes in South Africa: past, present, and future’, Paper presented at the 2nd Symposium of the SANCID: The Changing Face of Irrigation in South Africa, Mpumalanga, South Africa, 15–17 November 2006.Google Scholar
Virjee, K. and Gaskin, S. (2005), ‘Fuzzy cost recovery in planning for sustainable water supply systems in developing countries’, Energy 30: 13291341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waalewijn, P., Wester, P., and van Straaten, K. (2005), ‘Transforming river basin management in South Africa – Lessons from the Lower Komati River’, Water International 30: 184196.Google Scholar
Wester, P., Merrey, D., and de Lange, M. (2003), ‘Boundaries of consent: stakeholder representation in river basin management in Mexico and South Africa’, World Development 31: 797812.Google Scholar
Wichelns, D. (2004), ‘New policies are needed to encourage improvements in irrigation management’, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 130: 366372.Google Scholar
Yokwe, S. (2009), ‘Water productivity in smallholder irrigation schemes in South Africa’, Agricultural Water Management 96: 12231228.Google Scholar
Zekri, S. and Easter, K.W. (2007), ‘Water reforms in developing countries: management transfers, private operators and water markets’, Water Policy 9: 573589.Google Scholar