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Did the Kyoto Protocol fail? An evaluation of the effect of the Kyoto Protocol on CO2 emissions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 March 2015

Nicole Grunewald  and
Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso
Nicole Grunewald
Affiliation:
University of Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 3, 37071 Göttingen, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]
Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso
Affiliation:
University of Göttingen, Germany and University Jaume I, Spain. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

In this paper, we empirically investigate the impact of the Kyoto Protocol on CO2 emissions using a sample of 170 countries over the period 1992–2009. We propose the use of a difference-in-differences estimator with matching to address the endogeneity of the policy variable, namely Kyoto commitments. Countries are matched according to observable characteristics to create a suitable counterfactual. We correspondingly estimate a panel data model for the whole sample and the matched sample and compare the results to those obtained using an instrumental variable approach. The main results indicate that Kyoto Protocol commitments have a measurable reducing effect on CO2 emissions, indicating that a treaty often deemed a ‘failure’ may in fact be producing some non-negligible effects for those who signed it.

Type
Research Article
Information
Environment and Development Economics , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , February 2016 , pp. 1 - 22
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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