Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T09:31:01.891Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Trust Brokers: Traveling Grocery Salesmen and Confidence in Nineteenth-Century Trade

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2015

Extract

In December 1890, when Samuel Iseman stopped in Sumter, South Carolina, he hoped to turn his luck around. The traveling grocery salesman's trip so far had not gone well. Rain had delayed his train by two hours. When Iseman finally arrived, he had time to “drum” up business with only one retailer before drying off and retiring for the evening. The next day was no better; his expense money was dangerously low. He dunned two area merchants for payment on their accounts, eager to refill his coffers, but received only the runaround for his efforts. He checked in on groceryman (and postmaster) Moses W. Harrell in nearby Timmonsville, who made good his account, with one exception. The grocer took issue with a recent delivery of hams that had come from Iseman's Charleston wholesale fi rm, 120 miles south. Harrell complained to Iseman that the hams were of poor quality and that he had sold only two or three. Harrell asked for a refund. The traveling man felt badly that the grocer had taken the meat because Iseman had talked them up. When the hams failed to satisfy, both the salesman's word and the confidence he had earned from Harrell were on the line.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author [2012]. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Business History Conference. All rights reserved

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliography of Works Cited

Books

Atherton, Lewis E. The Frontier Merchant in Mid-America. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1971.Google Scholar
Atherton, Lewis E. The Southern Country Store, 1800-1860. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1949.Google Scholar
Bartlett, John Russell. Dictionary of Americanisms: A Glossary of Words and Phrases, Usually Regarded as Peculiar to the United States. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons, 2003, from the 1848 original.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald S. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cronon, William. Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: W.W. Norton, 1991.Google Scholar
Dalzell, Robert F. Jr. Enterprising Elite: The Boston Associates and the World They Made Together. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Earling, P[eter] R. Whom to Trust: A Practical Treatise on Mercantile Credits. Chicago: Rand McNally & Co., 1890.Google Scholar
Elzas, Barnett A. The Jews of South Carolina: From the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Spartanburg, SC: The Reprint Company, 1983, from the 1905 original.Google Scholar
Fischer, Claude S. America Calling: A Social History of the Telephone to 1940. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goddard, Frederick B. Giving and Getting Credit: A Book for Business Men. New York: The Baker and Taylor Company, 1895.Google Scholar
Jones, Geoffrey, and Morgan, Nicholas J., eds. Brands and Marketing in Food and Drink. New York: Routledge, 1994.Google Scholar
Klein, Daniel B., ed. Reputation: Studies of the Voluntary Elicitation of Good Conduct. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koehn, Nancy F. Brand New: How Entrepreneurs Earned Consumers’ Trust from Wedgwood to Dell. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Laird, Pamela Walker. Advertising Progress: American Business and the Rise of Consumer Marketing. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Laird, Pamela Walker. Pull: Networking and Success since Benjamin Franklin. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamoreaux, Naomi R. Insider Lending: Banks, Personal Connections, and Economic Development in Industrial New England. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lebhar, Godfrey M. Chain Stores in America, 1859-1962. New York: Chain Store Publishing Corporation, 1963.Google Scholar
Lopes, Teresa da Silva, and Dugid, Paul, eds. Trademarks, Brands, and Competitiveness. New York: Routledge, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marquis, Albert Nelson, ed. Who’s Who in New England. Chicago: A.N. Marquis, 1916.Google Scholar
Moore, Truman E. The Traveling Man: The Story of the American Traveling Salesman. New York: Doubleday, 1972.Google Scholar
Olegario, Rowena. A Culture of Credit: Embedding Trust and Transparency in American Business. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandage, Scott A. Born Losers: A History of Failure in America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schactman, Tom. Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1999.Google Scholar
Scranton, Philip. Endless Novelty: Specialty Production and American Industrializaion, 1865–1925. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shearmur, Jeremy and Klein, Daniel B.. “Good Conduct in a Great Society: Adam Smith and the Role of Reputation.” In Reputation: Studies in the Voluntary Elicitation of Good Conduct, edited by Klein, Daniel B.. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Spears, Timothy. 100 Years on The Road: The Traveling Salesman in American Culture. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Uslaner, Eric M. The Moral Foundations of Trust. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Vose, Edward Neville. Seventy-Five Years of the Mercantile Agency, R.G. Dun & Co., 1841–1916. Brooklyn, NY: R.G. Dun & Co., 1916.Google Scholar

Articles and Essays

Church, Roy. “Salesmen and the Transformation of Selling in Britain and the US in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries.” Economic History Review 61, no. 3 (2008): 695725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Church, Roy. “Commercial Travelers.” American Grocer 1, no. 9 (January 15, 1870): 180.Google Scholar
Church, Roy. “Commercial Travelers.” American Grocer 3, no. 1 (July 2, 1870): 12.Google Scholar
Church, Roy. “Do ‘Drummers’ Pay.” American Grocer 4, no. 9 (March 4, 1871): 271.Google Scholar
Church, Roy. “Does It Pay to Employ ‘Drummers?’” American Grocer 4, no. 8 (February 25, 1871): 235.Google Scholar
Church, Roy. “Drummers Again.” Letter to the editor. American Grocer 4, no. 13 (April 1, 1871): 397.Google Scholar
French, Michael, and Popp, Andrew. “‘Ambassadors of Commerce’: The Commercial Traveler in British Culture, 1800–1939.” Business Historyn Review 82, no. 4 (Winter 2008): 789814.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granovetter, Mark. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78, no. 6 (May 1973): 1360–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaggio, Dario. “Pyramids of Trust: Social Embeddedness and Political Culture in Two Italian Gold Jewelry Districts.” Enterprise and Society 7, no. 1 (March 2006): 1958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haskell, Thomas L. “Capitalism and the Origins of the Humanitarian Sensibility, Part 2.” American Historical Review 90, no. 3 (June 1985):547–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henry, K. Thurber & Co. Letter to the editor. American Grocer 4, no. 11 (March 18, 1871): 334.Google Scholar
Laird, Pam. “Putting Social Capital to Work.” Business History 50, no. 6 (2008): 685–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamoreaux, Naomi, Daniel M.G., Raff, and Temin, Peter. “Beyond Markets and Hierarchies: Toward a New Synthesis of American Business History.” American Historical Review 108, no. 2 (2003): 404–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langlois, Richard N. “Chandler in a Larger Frame: Markets, Transaction Costs, and Organizational Form in History.” Enterprise and Society 5, no. 3 (2004): 355–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langlois, Richard N. “The Loss and Gain of Drumming for Custom.” Hunt’s Merchants’ Magazine 32, no. 3 (March 1855): 389–90.Google Scholar
Madison, James H. “The Evolution of Commercial Credit Reporting Agencies in Nineteenth-Century America.” Business History Review 48 (1974): 164–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madison, James H. “Observer.” Letter to the editor. American Grocer 4, no. 14 (April 8, 1871): 429.Google Scholar
Ng, Chee K., Smith, Janet Kiholm, and Smith, Richard L.. “Evidence on the Determinants of Credit Terms Used in Interfirm Trade.” The Journal of Finance 54, no. 3 (June 1999): 1109–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olegario, Rowena. “‘That Mysterious People’: Jewish Merchants, Transparency, and Community in Mid-Nineteenth Century America.” Business History Review 73 (Summer 1999): 161–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossfeld, Roman. “Suchard and the Emergence of Traveling Salesmen in Switzerland, 1860–1920.” Business History Review 82 (Winter 2008): 735–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossfeld, Roman. “Thirty Years’ Change in the Jobbing Grocery Business.” American Grocer 36, no. 6 (August 10, 1903): 8.Google Scholar
Thurber, Henry K. “Advertisement.” American Grocer 4, no. 1 (January 7, 1871): 694.Google Scholar
Toulme, Maurice L. “Wholesale Grocery Industry.” Journal of Marketing 14, no. 2 (September 1949): 322–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toulme, Maurice L. “What Is ‘Eliminated’?Bulletin of the National Wholesale Grocers' Association 6, no. 4 (February 1921): 1.Google Scholar
Willis, Charles W. “On Keeping Promises.” New England Grocer 66, no. 21 (April 8, 1910): 32.Google Scholar
Wilner, Benjamin S. “The Exploitation of Relationships in Financial Distress: The Case of Trade Credit.” The Journal of Finance 55, no. 1 (February 2000): 153–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Unpublished Work

Burnell, A.S. Burnell’s Commerical Agency Credit Rating Book. Buchanan County, IA: Marshalltown, IA, 1887.Google Scholar

Archival Sources

Franklin MacVeagh Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Iseman Family Collection, Jewish Heritage Collection, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina.Google Scholar
R. G. Dun & Co. Collection, Baker Library, Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Simon Strauss Papers, South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.Google Scholar
Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of American History, Washington, DC.Google Scholar