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The Ontology of Economic Things

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 September 2020

KENNETH LIPARTITO
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Type
Symposia
Information
Enterprise & Society , Volume 21 , Issue 3 , September 2020 , pp. 592 - 621
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Business History Conference

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Footnotes

I would like to thank Finn Collin, Per Hansen, Mads Mordhorst, Christina Lubinski, Andrew Popp, Dan Raff, Phil Scranton, and members of the Copenhagen Business School Department of Management, Politics and Philosophy for their comments, criticisms, and contributions to the writing of this paper.

References

Bibliography of Works Cited

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Arbesman, Samuel. Overcomplicated: Technology at the Limits of Comprehension. New York, New York: Current, 2016.Google Scholar
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Bourdieu, Pierre. Outline of a Theory of Practice . Cambridge Studies in Social Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Callon, Michel. The Laws of the Markets. Sociological Review Monograph Series. Oxford; Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers/Sociological Review, 1998.Google Scholar
Cronon, William. Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. 1st ed. New York: W. W. Norton, 1991.Google Scholar
DeLanda, Manuel. A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity. London; New York: Continuum, 2006.Google Scholar
DeLanda, Manuel. Assemblage Theory. Speculative Realism. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglas, Mary. How Institutions Think. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Elder-Vass, Dave. Profit and Gift in the Digital Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engerman, Stanley L., and Sokoloff, Kenneth Lee. Economic Development in the Americas since 1500 : Endowments and Institutions. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Series on Long-Term Factors in Economic Development. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Epstein, Brian. The Ant Trap: Rebuilding the Foundations of the Social Sciences. New York, New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fligstein, Neil. A Theory of Fields. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giddens, Anthony. The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Hecht, Gabrielle. Being Nuclear: Africans and the Global Uranium Trade. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House, 1961.Google Scholar
Latour, Bruno. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Clarendon Lectures in Management Studies. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Lewis, Michael (Michael, M.). Flash Boys: A Wall Street Revolt. First Edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2014.Google Scholar
Little, Daniel. New Directions in the Philosophy of Social Science. London: Roman and Littlefield International, 2016.Google Scholar
Little, Daniel. Varieties of Social Explanation: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Social Science. Boulder: Westview Press, 1991.Google Scholar
MacKenzie, Donald A. An Engine, Not a Camera : How Financial Models Shape Markets. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, Richard R., and Winter, Sidney G.. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Nelson, Richard Robinson, Dosi, Giovanni, Helfat, Constance E., and Pyka, Andreas. Modern Evolutionary Economics: An Overview. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perrow, Charles. Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Schelling, Thomas C. Micromotives and Macrobehavior. 1st ed. Fels Lectures on Public Policy Analysis. New York: Norton, 1978.Google Scholar
Abbott, Andrew. “Linked Ecologies: States and Universities as Environments for Professions.” Sociological Theory 23, no. 3 (2005): 245–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abbott, Andrew. “Mechanisms and Relations.” Sociologica 1, no. 2 (September 2007): 1–22.Google Scholar
Abbott, Andrew. “The Causal Devolution.” Sociological Methods & Research 27, no. 2 (November 1, 1998): 148–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Argyres, Nicholas S., Felin, Teppo, Foss, Nicolai, and Zenger, Todd. “Organizational Economics of Capability and Heterogeneity.” Organization Science 23, no. 5 (2012): 1213–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, Gary S. “Irrational Behavior and Economic Theory.” Journal of Political Economy 70, no. 1 (1962): 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloor, David. “Anti-Latour.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 30, no. 1 (1999): 81–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Callon, Michel. “Actor-Network Theory—The Market Test.” In Actor Network Theory and After, edited by Law, John and Hassard, John, pp. 181–95. Boston, Mass: Blackwell Publishers, 1999.Google Scholar
Carnevali, Francesca. “Social Capital and Trade Associations in America, c. 1860—1914: A Microhistory Approach.” The Economic History Review 64, no. 3 (2011): 905–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chandler, Alfred D. “Organizational Capabilities and the Economic History of the Industrial Enterprise.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 6, no. 3 (1992): 79–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collin, Finn. “Who Are the Agents? Actor Network Theory, Methodological Individualism, and Reduction.” In Rethinking the Individualism-Holism Debate: Essays in the Philosophy of Social Science, edited by Collin, Finn and Zahle, Julie, pp. 197–217. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daunton, Martin. “Rationality and Institution: Reflections on Douglass North.” Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 21, no. 2 (2010): 147–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
David, Paul A. “Clio and the Economics of QWERTY.” The American Economic Review 75, no. 2 (1985): 332–37.Google Scholar
Douglas, Mary. “Why Do People Want Goods?” In Understanding the Enterprise Culture: Themes in the Work of Mary Douglas, edited by Heap, Shaun Hargreaves and Ross, Angus, pp. 19–31. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Eisenhardt, Kathleen M., and Martin, Jeffrey A.. “Dynamic Capabilities: What Are They?” Strategic Management Journal 21, no. 10/11 (2000): 1105–21.3.0.CO;2-E>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elder-Vass, Dave. “Disassembling Actor-Network Theory.” Philosophy of the Social Sciences 45, no. 1 (2015): 100–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elder-Vass, Dave. “Social Entities and the Basis of Their Powers.” In Rethinking the Individualism-Holism Debate: Essays in the Philosophy of Social Science, edited by Collin, Finn and Zahle, Julie, pp. 39–53. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, Brian. “Ontological Individualism Reconsidered.” Synthese 166, no. 1 (2009): 187–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, Brian. “Social Objects without Intentions.” In Institutions, Emotions, and Group Agents: Contributions to Social Ontology, edited by Schmid, Hans Bernhard, Schmid, Ulla, and Ziv, Anita Konzelmann, pp. 53–68. Springer, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, Brian. “What Is Individualism in Social Ontology? Ontological Individualism vs. Anchor Individualism.” In Rethinking the Individualism-Holism Debate: Essays in the Philosophy of Social Science, edited by Collin, Finn and Zahle, Julie, pp. 17–38. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, Brian. “Why Macroeconomics Does Not Supervene on Microeconomics.” Journal of Economic Methodology 21, no. 1 (2014): 3–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granovetter, Mark. “Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness.” American Journal of Sociology 91, no. 3 (1985): 481–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granovetter, Mark. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78, no. 6 (1973): 1360–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helfat, Constance, and Peteraf, Margaret. “Managerial Cognitive Capabilities and the Microfoundations of Dynamic Capabilities.” Strategic Management Journal 36, no. 6 (2015): 831–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koopman, Colin. “The Power Thinker.” Aeon, n.d. https://aeon.co/essays/why-foucaults-work-on-power-is-more-important-than-ever.Google Scholar
Latour, Bruno. “For David Bloor... and Beyond: A Reply to David Bloor’s ‘Anti-Latour.’” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 30, no. 1 (1999): 113–30.Google Scholar
Law, John. “Notes on the Theory of the Actor-Network: Ordering, Strategy, and Heterogeneity.” Systems Practice 5, no. 4 (August 1, 1992): 379–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liebowitz, S. J., and Margolis, Stephen E.. “The Fable of the Keys.” The Journal of Law & Economics 33, no. 1 (1990): 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipartito, Kenneth. “From Social Capital to Social Assemblage.” In People, Places and Business Cultures: Essays in Honour of Francesca Carnevali, edited by Popp, Andrew, Scott, Peter, and Di Martino, Paolo, pp. 177–92. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: The Boydell Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Machlup, Fritz. “Theories of the Firm: Marginalist, Behavioral, Managerial.” The American Economic Review 57, no. 1 (1967): 1–33.Google Scholar
MacKenzie, Douglas, Beunza, Daniel, Pardo-Guerra, Juan Pablo, and Millo, Y. “Drilling Through the Allegheny Mountains: Liquidity, Materiality and High-Frequency Trading.” Journal of Cultural Economy 5, no. 3 (2012): 279–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mäki, Uskali. “Performativity: Saving Austin from MacKenzie.” In EPSA11 Perspectives and Foundational Problems in Philosophy of Science, edited by Dieks, Dennis and Karakostas, Vassilios, pp. 443–53. Dordrecht: Springer, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pawley, Emily. “Cataloging Nature: Standardizing Fruit Varieties in the United States, 1800–1860.” Business History Review 90, no. 3 (2016): 405–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettit, Philip. “Three Issues in Social Ontology.” In Rethinking the Individualism-Holism Debate: Essays in the Philosophy of Social Science, edited by Collin, Finn and Zahle, Julie, pp. 77–96. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sen, Amartya K. “Rational Fools: A Critique of the Behavioral Foundations of Economic Theory.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 6, no. 4 (1977): 317–44.Google Scholar
Simon, Herbert A. “The Architecture of Complexity.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 106, no. 6 (1962): 467–82.Google Scholar
Teece, David J. “Explicating Dynamic Capabilities: The Nature and Microfoundations of (Sustainable) Enterprise Performance.” Strategic Management Journal 28, no. 13 (2007): 1319–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teece, David J., Pisano, Gary, and Shuen, Amy. “Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management.” Strategic Management Journal 18, no. 7 (1997): 509–33.3.0.CO;2-Z>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winter, Sidney G. “Understanding Dynamic Capabilities.” Strategic Management Journal 24, no. 10 (2003): 991–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zahle, Julie. “Holism, Emergence, and the Crucial Distinction.” In Rethinking the Individualism-Holism Debate: Essays in the Philosophy of Social Science, edited by Collin, Finn and Zahle, Julie, pp. 177–96. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abbott, Andrew. Processual Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arbesman, Samuel. Overcomplicated: Technology at the Limits of Comprehension. New York, New York: Current, 2016.Google Scholar
Barad, Karen Michelle. Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. Outline of a Theory of Practice . Cambridge Studies in Social Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Callon, Michel. The Laws of the Markets. Sociological Review Monograph Series. Oxford; Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers/Sociological Review, 1998.Google Scholar
Cronon, William. Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. 1st ed. New York: W. W. Norton, 1991.Google Scholar
DeLanda, Manuel. A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity. London; New York: Continuum, 2006.Google Scholar
DeLanda, Manuel. Assemblage Theory. Speculative Realism. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglas, Mary. How Institutions Think. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Elder-Vass, Dave. Profit and Gift in the Digital Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engerman, Stanley L., and Sokoloff, Kenneth Lee. Economic Development in the Americas since 1500 : Endowments and Institutions. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Series on Long-Term Factors in Economic Development. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Epstein, Brian. The Ant Trap: Rebuilding the Foundations of the Social Sciences. New York, New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fligstein, Neil. A Theory of Fields. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giddens, Anthony. The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Hecht, Gabrielle. Being Nuclear: Africans and the Global Uranium Trade. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House, 1961.Google Scholar
Latour, Bruno. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Clarendon Lectures in Management Studies. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Lewis, Michael (Michael, M.). Flash Boys: A Wall Street Revolt. First Edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2014.Google Scholar
Little, Daniel. New Directions in the Philosophy of Social Science. London: Roman and Littlefield International, 2016.Google Scholar
Little, Daniel. Varieties of Social Explanation: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Social Science. Boulder: Westview Press, 1991.Google Scholar
MacKenzie, Donald A. An Engine, Not a Camera : How Financial Models Shape Markets. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, Richard R., and Winter, Sidney G.. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Nelson, Richard Robinson, Dosi, Giovanni, Helfat, Constance E., and Pyka, Andreas. Modern Evolutionary Economics: An Overview. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perrow, Charles. Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Schelling, Thomas C. Micromotives and Macrobehavior. 1st ed. Fels Lectures on Public Policy Analysis. New York: Norton, 1978.Google Scholar
Abbott, Andrew. “Linked Ecologies: States and Universities as Environments for Professions.” Sociological Theory 23, no. 3 (2005): 245–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abbott, Andrew. “Mechanisms and Relations.” Sociologica 1, no. 2 (September 2007): 1–22.Google Scholar
Abbott, Andrew. “The Causal Devolution.” Sociological Methods & Research 27, no. 2 (November 1, 1998): 148–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Argyres, Nicholas S., Felin, Teppo, Foss, Nicolai, and Zenger, Todd. “Organizational Economics of Capability and Heterogeneity.” Organization Science 23, no. 5 (2012): 1213–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, Gary S. “Irrational Behavior and Economic Theory.” Journal of Political Economy 70, no. 1 (1962): 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloor, David. “Anti-Latour.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 30, no. 1 (1999): 81–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Callon, Michel. “Actor-Network Theory—The Market Test.” In Actor Network Theory and After, edited by Law, John and Hassard, John, pp. 181–95. Boston, Mass: Blackwell Publishers, 1999.Google Scholar
Carnevali, Francesca. “Social Capital and Trade Associations in America, c. 1860—1914: A Microhistory Approach.” The Economic History Review 64, no. 3 (2011): 905–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chandler, Alfred D. “Organizational Capabilities and the Economic History of the Industrial Enterprise.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 6, no. 3 (1992): 79–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collin, Finn. “Who Are the Agents? Actor Network Theory, Methodological Individualism, and Reduction.” In Rethinking the Individualism-Holism Debate: Essays in the Philosophy of Social Science, edited by Collin, Finn and Zahle, Julie, pp. 197–217. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daunton, Martin. “Rationality and Institution: Reflections on Douglass North.” Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 21, no. 2 (2010): 147–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
David, Paul A. “Clio and the Economics of QWERTY.” The American Economic Review 75, no. 2 (1985): 332–37.Google Scholar
Douglas, Mary. “Why Do People Want Goods?” In Understanding the Enterprise Culture: Themes in the Work of Mary Douglas, edited by Heap, Shaun Hargreaves and Ross, Angus, pp. 19–31. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Eisenhardt, Kathleen M., and Martin, Jeffrey A.. “Dynamic Capabilities: What Are They?” Strategic Management Journal 21, no. 10/11 (2000): 1105–21.3.0.CO;2-E>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elder-Vass, Dave. “Disassembling Actor-Network Theory.” Philosophy of the Social Sciences 45, no. 1 (2015): 100–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elder-Vass, Dave. “Social Entities and the Basis of Their Powers.” In Rethinking the Individualism-Holism Debate: Essays in the Philosophy of Social Science, edited by Collin, Finn and Zahle, Julie, pp. 39–53. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, Brian. “Ontological Individualism Reconsidered.” Synthese 166, no. 1 (2009): 187–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, Brian. “Social Objects without Intentions.” In Institutions, Emotions, and Group Agents: Contributions to Social Ontology, edited by Schmid, Hans Bernhard, Schmid, Ulla, and Ziv, Anita Konzelmann, pp. 53–68. Springer, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, Brian. “What Is Individualism in Social Ontology? Ontological Individualism vs. Anchor Individualism.” In Rethinking the Individualism-Holism Debate: Essays in the Philosophy of Social Science, edited by Collin, Finn and Zahle, Julie, pp. 17–38. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, Brian. “Why Macroeconomics Does Not Supervene on Microeconomics.” Journal of Economic Methodology 21, no. 1 (2014): 3–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granovetter, Mark. “Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness.” American Journal of Sociology 91, no. 3 (1985): 481–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granovetter, Mark. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78, no. 6 (1973): 1360–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helfat, Constance, and Peteraf, Margaret. “Managerial Cognitive Capabilities and the Microfoundations of Dynamic Capabilities.” Strategic Management Journal 36, no. 6 (2015): 831–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koopman, Colin. “The Power Thinker.” Aeon, n.d. https://aeon.co/essays/why-foucaults-work-on-power-is-more-important-than-ever.Google Scholar
Latour, Bruno. “For David Bloor... and Beyond: A Reply to David Bloor’s ‘Anti-Latour.’” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 30, no. 1 (1999): 113–30.Google Scholar
Law, John. “Notes on the Theory of the Actor-Network: Ordering, Strategy, and Heterogeneity.” Systems Practice 5, no. 4 (August 1, 1992): 379–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liebowitz, S. J., and Margolis, Stephen E.. “The Fable of the Keys.” The Journal of Law & Economics 33, no. 1 (1990): 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipartito, Kenneth. “From Social Capital to Social Assemblage.” In People, Places and Business Cultures: Essays in Honour of Francesca Carnevali, edited by Popp, Andrew, Scott, Peter, and Di Martino, Paolo, pp. 177–92. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: The Boydell Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Machlup, Fritz. “Theories of the Firm: Marginalist, Behavioral, Managerial.” The American Economic Review 57, no. 1 (1967): 1–33.Google Scholar
MacKenzie, Douglas, Beunza, Daniel, Pardo-Guerra, Juan Pablo, and Millo, Y. “Drilling Through the Allegheny Mountains: Liquidity, Materiality and High-Frequency Trading.” Journal of Cultural Economy 5, no. 3 (2012): 279–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mäki, Uskali. “Performativity: Saving Austin from MacKenzie.” In EPSA11 Perspectives and Foundational Problems in Philosophy of Science, edited by Dieks, Dennis and Karakostas, Vassilios, pp. 443–53. Dordrecht: Springer, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pawley, Emily. “Cataloging Nature: Standardizing Fruit Varieties in the United States, 1800–1860.” Business History Review 90, no. 3 (2016): 405–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettit, Philip. “Three Issues in Social Ontology.” In Rethinking the Individualism-Holism Debate: Essays in the Philosophy of Social Science, edited by Collin, Finn and Zahle, Julie, pp. 77–96. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sen, Amartya K. “Rational Fools: A Critique of the Behavioral Foundations of Economic Theory.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 6, no. 4 (1977): 317–44.Google Scholar
Simon, Herbert A. “The Architecture of Complexity.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 106, no. 6 (1962): 467–82.Google Scholar
Teece, David J. “Explicating Dynamic Capabilities: The Nature and Microfoundations of (Sustainable) Enterprise Performance.” Strategic Management Journal 28, no. 13 (2007): 1319–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teece, David J., Pisano, Gary, and Shuen, Amy. “Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management.” Strategic Management Journal 18, no. 7 (1997): 509–33.3.0.CO;2-Z>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winter, Sidney G. “Understanding Dynamic Capabilities.” Strategic Management Journal 24, no. 10 (2003): 991–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zahle, Julie. “Holism, Emergence, and the Crucial Distinction.” In Rethinking the Individualism-Holism Debate: Essays in the Philosophy of Social Science, edited by Collin, Finn and Zahle, Julie, pp. 177–96. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar