Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T19:32:41.441Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Chocolates of Sucre: Stories of a Bolivian Industry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2015

Abstract

Chocolate is a Sucre trademark, one of the few products that this Bolivian city regularly markets to other parts of the country. Despite Sucre's long history of chocolate production, however, the city's chocolate industry at the turn of the twenty-first century remains small, unable to export, and generally uncompetitive with products from neighboring countries. Yet Sucre's chocolate-making enterprises have not disappeared; they continue to produce on a small scale in the face of mass-produced, imported brands. In this article, the history of Sucre's chocolate industry is examined to shed light on larger issues of industrial development and “underdevelopment” in Sucre and on the roots of the city's strong artisan identity.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) (2002). Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Business History Conference. All rights reserved.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliography of Works Cited

Books

Andrien, Kenneth J. The Kingdom of Quito, 1690-1830:The State and Regional Development. New York, 1995.Google Scholar
Calmara de Industria y Comercio de Chuquisaca. Diagnostico de Empresas del Sector Industrial Asociadas a la “C.I.C.CH” [Industrial-Sector Businesses in the Chuquisaca Chamber of Commerce and Industry]. Sucre, 1995.Google Scholar
Clarence-Smith, William Gervase. Cocoa and Chocolate, 1765-1914. New York, 2000.Google Scholar
Eróstegui, Rodolfo. El Rol de los Empresarios y Trabajadores en la Modernización Industrial [The Role of Entrepreneurs and Workers in Industrial Modernization]. La Paz, Bolivia, 1992.Google Scholar
Frank, Andre Gunder. Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil. New York, 1967.Google Scholar
Harrison, Paul. Inside the Third World, the Anatomy of Poverty. 1979; London, 1993.Google Scholar
Hurtado Urdininea, Edwin. Estudio de Mercado para Bienes Transformados de Madera de Pino. [Market Studyfor Pine Wood Products]. Sucre, n.d.Google Scholar
Jacobsen, Nils. Mirages of Transition: The Peruvian Altiplano, 1780-1930. Berkeley Calif., 1993.Google Scholar
Jetté, Christian, and Rojas, Rafael. Chuquisaca: Pobreza, Genero y Medio Ambiente [Chuquisaca: Poverty, Gender and Environment]. La Paz, Bolivia, 1998.Google Scholar
Köhler, Hermann A. Medizinal-Pflanzen in naturgetreuen Abbildungen mit Kurz erlauterndem Texte (Gera, 1887).Google Scholar
Querejazu, Jorge. Apuntes para una Historia Economica de Chuquisaca [Notes toward an Economic Historyof Chuquisaca]. Sucre, 1977.Google Scholar

Articles and Essays

Ayres, Ron, and Clark, David. “Capitalism, Industrialisation and Development in Latin America: The DependencyParadigm Revisited.Capital & Class 64 (Spring 1998): 89118.Google Scholar
Evans, Peter. “Transferable Lessons? Re-Examining the Institutional Prerequisites of East Asian Economic Policies.Journal of Development Studies 34 (Aug. 1998): 6686.Google Scholar
Eversole, Robyn. “Beyond Microcredit—The Trickle up Program.Small Enterprise Development 11 (2000): 4558.Google Scholar
Gallo, Carmenza. “The Autonomyof Weak States: States and Classes in Primary Export Economies.Sociological Perspectives 40 (1997): 639-60.Google Scholar
Haber, Stephen. “Industrial Concentration and the Capital Markets: A Comparative Studyof Brazil, Mexico, and the United States, 1830-1930.Journal ofEconomic History 51 (1991): 559.Google Scholar
Hart, Keith. “Informal Income Opportunities and Urban Employment in Ghana.Journal of Modern African Studies 11 (1973): 6189.Google Scholar
Smith, Carol. “Does a Commodity Economy Enrich the Few while Ruining the Masses? Differentiation among Petty Commodity Producers in Guatemala.Journal ofPeasant Studies 11 (1984): 6095.Google Scholar
Tiffany, Susan. “Dedication to People and Quality Combine to Make Chocolates Garoto South America’s Largest Chocolate Maker.Candy Industry 162 (Feb. 1997): 1921.Google Scholar
“Wealth Atlas: Bolivia.Global Private Banking 4 (4 May 1998): 89.Google Scholar

Online and Digital Sources

Arcor. “Grupo Arcor—Arcor en cifras.” URL: http://www.arcor.com.ar/quienes_somos/grupo_cifras.asp. Google Scholar
Cadbury. “History of Cadbury Fact Files,” Cadburyweb site. URL: http://www.cadbury.com.au/history/. Google Scholar
Garoto. “Garoto’s History—Timeline.” URL: http://www.baton.com.br/. Google Scholar
ICCO (International Cocoa Organization). “Answers To Question—Cocoa Production and Export in Ghana.” URL: http://www.icco.org/questions/ghana3.htm. Google Scholar
ICCO (International Cocoa Organization). “Answer to Question: Information on the Chocolate and Confectionary Market in Brazil and South America.” URL: http://www.icco.org/questions/brazil.htm. Google Scholar
International Trade Centre (ITC). Databases. URL: http://www.intracen.org/tradstat/sitc3-3d/index.htm. Google Scholar
Rojas, Róbinson. “Latin America: Blockages to Development.” Ph.D. diss., London, 1985. URL: http://www.rrojasdatabank.org/foh6.htm. Google Scholar
República de Bolivia, Instituto Nacional de Estadística [National Statistics Institute]. URL: http://www.ine.gov.bo. Google Scholar
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). “City of Potosí.” URL: http://www.unesco.org/whc/sites/420.htm. Google Scholar

Unpublished Sources

Interviews

Sra. Celia’s daughter. Interview with author, Sucre, April 1997.Google Scholar
Sra. Celia’s son-in-law. Interview with author, Sucre, Aug. 1996.Google Scholar
Ciro, Don. Interview with author, Sucre, 15 April 1997.Google Scholar
Co-owner of Factory No. 4. Interview with author, Sucre, Aug. 1996.Google Scholar
Co-owner of Factory No. 5. Interview with author, Sucre, Nov. 1996.Google Scholar
Elena, Sra.. Interview with author, Sucre, March 1997.Google Scholar
Elsa, Sra.. Interview with author, Sucre, March 1997.Google Scholar
Fabian, Don. Interview with author, Sucre, May 1997.Google Scholar
Gloria, Sra.. Interview with author, Sucre, April 1997.Google Scholar
María Luisa, Sra.. Interview with author, Sucre, March 1997.Google Scholar
Miguel, Don. Interview with author, Sucre, March 1997.Google Scholar
Nicholaís, Don, son of co-owner, FactoryNo. 1. Interview with author, Sucre, April 1997.Google Scholar
Rosario, Sra.. Interview with author, Sucre, April 1997.Google Scholar
Rosmery, Sra.. Interview with author, April 1997.Google Scholar
Tomaís, Don. Interview with author, Sucre, April 1997.Google Scholar
Rodriguez Family Archives, Sucre, Bolivia.Google Scholar