Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T02:47:53.846Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Preventive intervention for anxiety in childhood: Implications for future research

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 October 2015

Sally Johnson*
Affiliation:
Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus
Paula M. Barrett
Affiliation:
Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus
*
School of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Health Science, Psychology Building Mt Gravatt, Griffith University, BRISBANE QLD 4111, Ph: 61 7 3875 3305, Fax: 61 7 3875 3388, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Early intervention has become a priority for many researchers interested in reducing the prevalence of anxiety disorders within Australia (Donovan & Spence, 2000). Despite substantial advances in our knowledge of effective intervention protocols, studies investigating preventive intervention for child anxiety are sparse. Universal prevention programs targeting large cohorts of children within community settings are considered most advantageous (Greenburg, Domitrovich, & Bumbarger, 2001), although empirical studies for anxiety in youth are only beginning to emerge. This review of research in anxiety intervention explored protocols shown to have been successful in reducing symptoms of anxiety in youth and to discuss implications for future research. Findings suggested that cognitive behavioural therapy was potentially effective in reducing anxiety symptoms in youngsters when implemented in clinical settings (Kendall, 1994, 1996; Barrett, 1996, 1998) and in school-based preventive intervention (Dadds, Spence, Holland, Barrett, & Laurens, 1998). Future research evaluating the effectiveness of prevention programs at different ages in development has further practical research implications in terms of identifiing the most appropriate time conducive to enhancing long-term intervention effects.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Australian Psychological Society 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adelman, H.S., & Taylor, L. (1999). Mental health in schools and system restructuring. Clinical Psychology Review, 19, 137163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Albano, A.M., Marten, P.A., Holt, C.S., Heimberg, R.G., & Barlow, D.H. (1995). Cognitive behavioural group treatment for social phobia in adolescents. A preliminary study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 183, 685692.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alpert-Gillis, L.J., Pedro-Carroll, J., & Cowen, E.L. (1989). The children of divorce intervention program: Development, implementation, and evaluation of a program for young urban children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 583589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amburster, P., Andrews, E., Couenhoven, J., Blau, G. (1999). Collision or collaboration? School based health services meet managed care. Clinical Psychology Review, 19, 221237.Google Scholar
Barrett, P.M (1998). Evaluation of cognitive-behavioural group treatments for childhood anxiety disorders. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 27, 459468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrett, P., Dadds, M., & Rapee, R. (1996). Family treatment of childhood anxiety: A controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 333342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barrett, P.M., Duffy, A.L., Dadds, M.R., & Rapee, R.M. (2001). Cognitive-behavioural treatment of anxiety disorders in children: Long-term (6-year) follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 135141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrett, P.M., Lowry-Webster, H., & Turner, C. (2000a). Friends for Children Group Leader Manual-Edition II. Australian Academic Press: Brisbane, Australia.Google Scholar
Barrett, P.M., Lowry-Webster, H., & Turner, C. (2000b). Friends for Children Participant Workbook-Edition II. Australian Academic Press: Brisbane, Australia.Google Scholar
Barrett, P.M., Rapee, R.M., Dadds, M.R., & Ryan, S. (1996). Family enhancement of cognitive styles in anxious and aggressive children: The FEAR effect. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24(2), 187203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrett, P., & Turner, C. (2001). Prevention of anxiety symptoms in primary school children: Preliminary results from a universal school-based trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, 399410.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barrios, B.A., & Hartman, D.B. (1988). Fears and anxieties. In Mash, E.J. & Terdal, L.G. (Eds), Behavioural assessment of childhood disorders (2nd ed., pp 196264). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Beidel, D.C. (1988). Psychophysiological assessment of anxious emotional states in children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 8082.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bergin, A.E. (1997). Neglect of the therapist and the human dimensions of change: A commentary. Clinical Psychology Review: Science and Practice, 4, 8389.Google Scholar
Bernstein, G.A. & Borchardt, C.M. (1991). Anxiety disorders of childhood and adolescence: A critical review. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 519532CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blagg, N.R., & Yule, W. (1984). The behavioural treatment of school refusal: A comparative study. Behavior Research and Therapy, 22, 119127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burke, C.B., Burke, J.D., Reiger, D.A., & Rae, D.S., (1990). Age of onset of selected mental disorders in five community populations. Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, 511518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Costello, E.J (1989). Child psychiatric disorders and their correlates: A primary care pediatric sample. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 851855.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dadds, M.R., Spence, S.H., Holland, D.E., Barrett, P.M., & Laurens, K.R. (1997). Prevention, and early intervention for anxiety disorders: A controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 627635.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dadds, M.R., Holland, D.E., Laurens, K.R., Mullins, M., Barrett, P.M. & Spence, S.H. (1999). Early intervention and prevention of anxiety disorders in children: Results at 2-year follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 145150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Department of Health and Human Services. (1991). Healthy People 2000. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 91–50212.Google Scholar
Donovan, C.L., & Spence, S.H. (2000). Prevention of childhood anxiety disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 509531.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Durlak, J.A. & Wells, A.W. (1998). Evaluation of indicated preventive intervention (secondary prevention) mental health programs for children and adolescents. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26, 775802.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elias, M.J, Gara, M.A, Schuyler, T.F, Branden-Muller, L.R., & Sayette, M.A. (1991). The promotion of social competence: Longitudinal study of a preventive school based program. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 61, 409417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, S.W. (1999). Mental health services in schools: Utilization, effectiveness, and consent. Clinical Psychology Review, 19, 165178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eyberg, S.M., Schuhmann, E.M., & Rey, J. (1998). Child and adolescent psychology research: Developmental issues. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 7182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flannery-Shroeder, E.C., Henin, A., & Kendall, P.C. (1996). Cognitive-behavioural treatment of internalizing disorders in youth. Behaviour Change, 13, 207221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flannery-Schroeder, E.C., & Kendall, P.C. (2000). Group and individual cognitive-behavioural treatments for youth with anxiety disorders: A randomised clinical trial. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24, 251278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, R.S., (1987). An operational classification of disease prevention. In Sternbert, J.A. & Silverman, M. (Eds.), Preventing mental disorders: A research perspective (pp. 2026). (DHHS Publication No. ADM 87–1492). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Graziano, A.M., & Mooney, K.C. (1982). Behavioural treatment of “nightfears” in children: Maintenance of improvement at 2? to 3-year follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 598599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenberg, M.T., Domitrovich, C., & Bumbarger, B. (2001). Preventing mental disorders in school-age children. A review of the effectiveness of prevention programs. USA. CMHS.Google Scholar
Heimberg, R.G., Dodge, C.S., Hope, D.A., Kennedy, C.R., Zollo, L.J., & Becker, R.E. (1990). Cognitive behavioural group treatment for social phobia: Comparison with a credible placebo control. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heimburg, R.G., Salzman, D.G., Holt, C.S., & Blendall, K.A. (1993). Cognitive behavioural group treatment for social phobia: Effectiveness at five-year follow-up. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 17, 325339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, B., & Kendall, P.C. (1996). Cognitive-behavioural family therapy for anxiety disordered children: A multiple baseline evaluation. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 20, 423443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaycox, L.H., Reivich, K.J., Gillham, J., & Seligman, M.E. (1994). Prevention of depressive symptoms in school children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32,801816.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kane, M.T., & Kendall, P.C. (1989). Anxiety disorders in children: A multiple baseline evaluation of cognitive behavioural treatment. Behaviour Therapy, 20, 499508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kashani, J.H., & Orvaschel, H. (1990). A community study of anxiety on children and adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 313318.Google Scholar
Kazdin, A.E. (1998). Research design in clinical psychology (3rd ed). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
Kazdin, A.E., & Weisz, J.R. (1998). Identifying and developing empirically supported child and adolescent treatments. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(1), 1936.Google Scholar
Keller, M.B., Lavori, P.W., Wunder, J., Beardslee, W.R., Schwartz, C.E., & Roth, J. (1992). Chronic course of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 595599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kendall, P.C. (1990). The coping cat workbook. Merion, PA: Temple University.Google Scholar
Kendall, P.C. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral therapies with youth: Guiding theory, current status, and emerging developments. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 235247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kendall, P.C. (1994). Treating anxiety disorders in children: A controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 100110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kendall, P.C., & Southam-Gerow, M.A. (1996). Long-term follow-up of a cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disordered youth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 724730.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kendall, P.C., Flannery-Schroeder, E.C., Panichelli-Mindel, S.M., Southam-Gerown, M., Henin, A., & Warman, M. (1997). Treatment of anxiety disorders in youth: A second randomised clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 366380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kendall, P.C., & Chu, B.C. (2000). Retrospective self-reports of therapist flexibility in a manual-based treatment for youths with anxiety disorders. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 209220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, N.J., Hamilton, D.J., Ollendick, T.H. (1988). Children’s phobias: A behavioural perspective. Chicestester: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Kubiszyn, T. (1999). Integrating health and mental health services in schools: psychologists collaborating with primary care providers. Clinical Psychology Review, 19, 179198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LaFreniere, P.J., & Capuano, F. (1997). Preventative intervention as a means of clarifying direction of effects of socialization: Anxious withdrawn preschoolers. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 551564.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Last, C.G., Hansen, C., & Franco, N. (1997). Anxious children in adulthood: A prospective study of adjustment. Journal of American Academy Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 645652.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Last, C.G., Perrin, S., Hersen, M., & Kazdin, A.E (1996). A prospective study of child anxiety disorders. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 15021510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowry-Webster, H.M., Barrett, P.M., & Dadds, M.R. (2001). A universal prevention trail of anxiety and depressive symptomology in childhood: Preliminary data from an Australian study. Behaviour Change, 18, 3650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mattison, R.E. (1992). Anxiety disorders. In Hooper, S.R.Hynd, G.W. & Mattison, R.E (Eds.), Child psychology: Diagnostic criteria and clinical assessment (pp. 179202). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Ollendick, T.H., & Francis, G. (1988). Behavioural assessment and treatment of childhood phobias. Behavioural Modification, 12, 165204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orvaschel, H., Lewinson, P.M., & Seely, J.R. (1995). Continuity of psychopathology in a community sample of adolescents. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 15251535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, C.R., & Richmond, B.O. (1985). The revised children’s manifest anxiety scale: Manual. New York: Western Psychological Services.Google Scholar
Shortt, A.L., Barrett, P.M., & Fox, T.L. (2001). Evaluating the FRIENDS program: A cognitive behavioural group treatment for anxious children and their parents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30, 525535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silverman, W.K., & Nelles, W.B. (1988). Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 772778.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siqueland, L., Kendall, P.C., & Steinberg, L. (1996). Anxiety in children: Perceived family environments and observed family interaction. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 25, 225237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spence, S.H. & Dadds, M.R. (1997). Preventing childhood anxiety disorders. Journal of Behaviour Change, 13, 241249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stiffman, A.R., Earls, F., Robins, L.N., Jung, K.G. (1988). Problems and help seeking in high-risk adolescent patients of health clinics. Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 9, 305309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Target, M., & Fonagy, P. (1994). Efficacy of psychoanalysis for children with emotional disorders. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 361371.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed