Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T19:08:28.298Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

THE THEMEDA QUADRIVALVIS TALL-GRASS SAVANNAH OF OMAN AT THE CROSSROAD BETWEEN AFRICA AND ASIA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 June 2011

A. Patzelt
A. Patzelt*
Affiliation:
Oman Botanic Garden, Diwan of Royal Court, PO Box 808, Muscat 122, Sultanate of Oman. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Vegetation analysis reveals that the Themeda quadrivalvis tall-grass savannah in Oman, southern Arabia, forms a clearly defined belt with strong edaphic and geomorphological characteristics. The newly described association Desmodio gangetico-Themedetum quadrivalvis ass. nov. is interpreted as an impoverished easternmost outlier of the East African savannah.

Keywords

Arabiaendemismfog-oasisOmanphytogeographyphytosociologysouthwest monsoontall-grass savannahThemedo-Hyparrhenietea
Type
Articles
Information
Edinburgh Journal of Botany , Volume 68 , Issue 2 , July 2011 , pp. 301 - 319
Copyright
Copyright © Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 141(4): 399–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barkman, J. J., Doing, H. & Segal, S. (1964). Kritische Bemerkungen und Vorschläge zur quantitativen Vegetationsanalyse. Acta Bot. Neerl. 13: 394–419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benzler, J. H., Finnern, H., Müller, W., Röschmann, G., Will, K. H. & Wittmann, O. (1982). Bodenkundliche Kartieranleitung. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung.Google Scholar
Braun-Blanquet, J. (1964). Pflanzensoziologie. Wien: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clayton, W. D. & Cope, T. A. (1980). The chorology of Old World species of Gramineae. Kew Bull. 35: 135–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cope, T. A. (1985). A Key to the Grasses of the Arabian Peninsula (Studies in the Flora of Arabia XV). Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research Special Publication No. 1.Google Scholar
Cope, T. A. (2007). Flora of Arabia and Socotra, vol. 5, part 1 (eds Knees, S. G. & Miller, A. G.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Cowling, R. M., Richardson, J. E. & Pierce, S. M. (1997). Vegetation of Southern Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Crisp, M. D., Laffan, S., Linder, H. P. & Monro, A. (2001). Endemism in the Australian flora. J. Biogeogr. 28: 183–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deil, U. & Al Gifri, A. N. (1998). Montane and wadi vegetation. In: Ghazanfar, S. A. & Fisher, M. (eds) Vegetation of the Arabian Peninsula, pp. 125–174. Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deil, U. & Müller-Hohenstein, K. (1985). Beiträge zur Vegetation des Jemen I. Pflanzen-gesellschaften und Ökotopgefüge der Gebirgstihamah am Beispiel des Beckens von At Tur (J.A.R.). Phytocoenologia 13(1): 1–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delany, M. J. (1989). The zoogeography of the mammal fauna of southern Arabia. Mammal Rev. 19: 133–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friis, I. (1992). Forests and forest trees of northeast tropical Africa. Kew Bull. Addit. Ser. 15.Google Scholar
Ghazanfar, S. A. (1992). Quantitative and biogeographic analysis of the flora of the Sultanate of Oman. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. Lett. 2: 189–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghazanfar, S. A. (2003). Flora of the Sultanate of Oman. Vol. 1. Piperaceae – Primulaceae. Scripta Botanica Belgica. Meise, Belgium: National Botanic Garden of Belgium.Google Scholar
Ghazanfar, S. A. (2007). Flora of the Sultanate of Oman. Vol. 2. Crassulaceae – Apiaceae. Scripta Botanica Belgica. Meise, Belgium: National Botanic Garden of Belgium.Google Scholar
Gillet, J. B. (1941). The plant formations of western British Somaliland and the Harar Province of Abyssinia. Kew Bull. 2: 37–75.Google Scholar
Guba, I. & Glennie, K. (1998). Geology and geomorphology. In: Ghazanfar, S. A. & Fisher, M. (eds) Vegetation of the Arabian Peninsula, pp. 39–62. Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, W. R., Whybrow, P. J. & McClure, H. A. (1978). Fauna of fossil mammals from the Miocene of Saudi Arabia. Nature 274: 248–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hemming, C. F. (1966). The vegetation of the northern region of the Somali Republic. Proc. Linn. Soc. London 177(2): 173–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hildebrandt, A. (2005). Ecohydrology of a Seasonal Cloud Forest in Dhofar. PhD thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
Huntley, B. J. (1982). Southern African Savannahs. In: Huntley, B. J. & Walker, B. H. (eds) Ecology of Tropical Savannahs, pp. 101–117. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jolly, D., Prentice, C., Bonnefille, R., Ballouche, A., Bengo, M., Brenac, P. et al. . (1998). Biome reconstruction from pollen and plant macrofossil data for Africa and the Arabian Peninsula at 0 and 6000 years. J. Biogeogr. 25: 1007–1027.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knapp, R. (1965). Pflanzengesellschaften und höhere Vegetationseinheiten von Ceylon und Teilen von Ost- und Centralafrika. Geobot. Mitt. 33: 1–31.Google Scholar
Knapp, R. (1968). Höhere Vegetationseinheiten von Äthiopien, Somalia, Natal, Transvaal, Kapland und einigen Nachbargebieten. Geobot. Mitt. 56: 1–36.Google Scholar
Knapp, R. (1973). Die Vegetation von Afrika. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag.Google Scholar
König, P. (1987). Vegetation und Flora im südwestlichen Saudi-Arabien. Dissertationes Botanicae 101.Google Scholar
Kürschner, H. (1998). Biogeography and Introduction to Vegetation. In: Ghazanfar, S. A. & Fisher, M. (eds) Vegetation of the Arabian Peninsula, pp. 63–98. Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kürschner, H., Hein, P., Kilian, N. & Hubaishan, M. A. (2004). The Hybantho durae-Anogeissetum dhofaricae ass. nova – phytosociology, structure and ecology of an endemic South Arabian forest community. Phytocoenologia 34(4): 569–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lebrun, J. (1947). La végétation de la plaine alluviale au Sud du Lac Edoard. Bruxelles.Google Scholar
Leippert, H. (1968). Pflanzenökologische Untersuchungen im Masailand Tanzanias: Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Weideverhältnisse in afrikanischen Trockengebieten. München.Google Scholar
Léonard, J. (1988). Contributions à l’étude de la flore et de la végétation des déserts d’Iran, Fasc. 8: Etudes des aires de distribution. Les phytochories. Les chorotypes. Jardin Botanique National Belgique.Google Scholar
Lioubimtseva, E. U. (1995). Landscape changes in the Saharo-Arabian area during the last glacial cycle. J. Arid Environ. 30: 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mandaville, J. P. (1977). Plants. Journal of Oman Studies Special Report No. 1: 229–267.Google Scholar
Mandaville, J. P. (1984). Studies in the Flora of Arabia XI: Some historical and geographical aspects of a principal floristic frontier. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42(1): 1–15.Google Scholar
Menault, J.-C. (1983). The Vegetation of the African Savannahs. In: Bourlière, F. (ed.) Ecosystems of the World 13: Tropical Savannahs. Amsterdam, Oxford, New York: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Miller, A. G. (1994). CPD Site SWA 1. Dhofar Fog Oasis. Oman and Yemen. In: Davis, S. D. & Heywood, V. H. (eds) Centres of Plant Diversity, vol. 1, pp. 143–155. Cambridge: IUCN.Google Scholar
Miller, A. G. & Cope, T. A. (1996). Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra, vol. 1. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Miller, A. G. & Morris, M. (1988). Plants of Dhofar, the Southern Region of Oman: Traditional, Economic and Medicinal Uses. Muscat, Oman: The Office of the Adviser for Conservation of the Environment, Diwan of Royal Court.Google Scholar
Miller, A. G. & Morris, M. (2004). Ethnoflora of the Soqotra Archipelago. Edinburgh: Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Miller, A. G. & Nyberg, J. A. (1991). Patterns of endemism in Arabia. Fl. Veg. Mundi 9: 263–279.Google Scholar
Misra, R. (1983). Indian Savannahs. In: Bourlière, F. (ed.) Ecosystems of the World 13: Tropical Savannahs. Amsterdam, Oxford, New York: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Mittermeier, R. A., Gil, P. R., Hofman, M., Pilgrim, J., Brooks, T., Goetsch Mittermeier, C. et al. . (2005). Hotspots Revisited: Earth’s Biologically Richest and Most Threatened Terrestrial Ecoregions. Arlington, VA: Conservation International.Google Scholar
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Rappenhöner, D. & Strätz, C. (2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853–858.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patzelt, A. (2008). Oman Plant Red Data Book. Oman Botanic Garden Publication. Sultanate of Oman: Diwan of Royal Court, Office for Conservation of the Environment.Google Scholar
Pichi-Sermolli, R. E. G. (1957). Una carta geobotanica dell’ Africa Orientale (Eritrea, Etiopia, Somalia). Webbia 13: 15–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pickering, H. & Patzelt, A. (2008). A Guide to the Wild Plants of Oman. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.Google Scholar
Quezel, P. (1969). Flore et végétation des plateaux du Darfur Nord-occidental et le Jebel Gourgeil (Republique du Soudan). Paris: CNRS, Dossier RCP 45.Google Scholar
Radcliffe-Smith, A. (1980). The vegetation of Dhofar. Journal of Oman Studies Special Report No. 2: 59–86.Google Scholar
Raven, P. & Axelrod, D. I. (1974). Angiosperm biogeography and past continental movements. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 61: 539–673.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, W. (1975a). Plant communities on permanent plots on the Serengeti Plains. Vegetatio 30(2): 133–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, W. (1975b). The vegetation of the northeastern Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Phytocoenologia 3(1): 30–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scholte, P. (2000). Defining a legend for the future vegetation map of Tropical Arabia. In: Anonymous, Proceedings IAVS Symposium, pp. 258–262. Uppsala, Sweden: Opulus Press.Google Scholar
Stanley-Price, M. R., Al-Harthy, A. H. & Whitcombe, R. P. (1988). Fog moisture and its ecological effects in Oman. In: Whitehead, E. E. (ed.) Arid Zones, Today and Tomorrow, pp. 68–88. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Suttie, J. H., Reynolds, S. G. & Batello, C. (eds) (2005). Grasslands of the World. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
Thulin, M. (ed.) (1993). Flora of Somalia, vol. 1. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.Google Scholar
Thulin, M. (ed.) (1995). Flora of Somalia, vol. 4. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.Google Scholar
Thulin, M. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Somalia, vol. 2. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.Google Scholar
Thulin, M. (ed.) (2006). Flora of Somalia, vol. 3. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.Google Scholar
Troupin, G. (1966). Etude phytocénologique du Parc national de l’Akagera et du Rwanda oriental. Butare: Institut Nationale Récherche Scientific République Rwandaise, Publ. 2.Google Scholar
Weber, H. E., Moravec, J. & Theurillat, J.-P. (2000). International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. J. Veg. Sci. 11(5): 739–768.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, F. (1978). The Afromontane region. In: Werger, M. J. A. (ed.) Biogeography and Ecology of Southern Africa. Monographieae Biologicae. The Hague: Dr W. Junk.Google Scholar
White, F. (1983). The vegetation of Africa: A descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO/AETFAT/UNSO vegetation map of Africa. Taxon 33: 549–551.Google Scholar
White, F. & Léonard, J. (1991). Phytogeographical links between Africa and Southwest Asia. Fl. Veg. Mundi 9: 229–246.Google Scholar
Whybrow, P. J. & McClure, H. A. (1981). Fossil mangrove roots and palaeoenvironments of the Miocene of the eastern Arabian Peninsula. Palaeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 32: 213–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Wildlife Fund (2010). www.eoearth.org/article/Ethiopian_montane_grasslands_andwoodlands (retrieved 11 December 2010).Google Scholar
Zohary, M. (1973). Geobotanical Foundations of the Middle East, 2 vols. Stuttgart: Fischer Verlag.Google Scholar