Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-16T22:33:46.123Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Conscientious objection in firms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 April 2021

Sandrine Blanc*
Affiliation:
INSEEC Grande Ecole, 27 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010Paris, France

Abstract

This article asks whether firms should exempt employees when they object to elements of their work that go against their conscience. Fairness requires that we follow the rules of an organization we have joined voluntarily only if these rules express mutual advantage. In corporations, I argue that subordination and exemption provides for mutual advantage better than subordination plus right of exit. This is because agents want to protect their conscientious convictions, even in hierarchical organizations geared towards efficient preference satisfaction. Thus exemptions should be granted in unforeseeable circumstances, provided the costs are limited.

Type
Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, E. 1990. The ethical limitations of the market. Economics and Philosophy 6, 179205.10.1017/S0266267100001218CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, E. 2017. Private Government: How Employers Rule Our Lives (and Why We Don’t Talk about It). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Barry, B. 2001. Culture and Equality: An Egalitarian Critique of Multiculturalism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Blanc, S. and Al-Amoudi, I. 2013. Corporate institutions in a weakening welfare state: a Rawlsian perspective. Business Ethics Quarterly 23, 497525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanc, S and Meijers, T. 2019. Firms and parental justice: should firms contribute to the cost of parenthood and procreation? Economics and Philosophy. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266267119000014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouchard, G. and Taylor, C. (eds) 2008. Building the Future: A Time for Reconciliation. Montreal: Commission de consultation sur les pratiques d’accommodement reliées aux différences culturelles, Gouvernement du Québec.Google Scholar
Boucher, F. 2011. Les fondements égalitaristes des pratiques d’accommodement de la diversité religieuse. Revue Philosophique de Louvain 109, 671695.Google Scholar
Brownlee, K. 2012a. Conscience and Conviction: The Case for Civil Disobedience. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brownlee, K. 2012b. Civil disobedience and conscientious objection. In The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Law, ed. Marmor, A., 527539. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Casal, P. and Williams, A. 1995. Rights, equality and procreation. Analyse & Kritik 17, 93116.10.1515/auk-1995-0107CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coase, R.H. 1937. The nature of the firm. Economica 4, 386405.10.1111/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, C. 1968. Conscientious objection. Ethics 4, 269279.10.1086/291687CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, G.A. 2011. On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice, and Other Essays in Political Philosophy, ed. Otsuka, M., 343. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cordelli, C. 2012. The institutional division of labor and the egalitarian obligations of nonprofits. Journal of Political Philosophy 20, 131155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Briey, L. and Van Parijs, P.. 2002. La justice linguistique comme justice coopérative. Revue de Philosophie Economique 5, 538.Google Scholar
Doppelt, G. 1981. Rawls’s system of justice: a critique from the left. Noûs 15, 259307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferreras, I. 2007. Critique politique du travail. Travailler à l’heure de la société des services. Paris: Les Presses de Sciences Po.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gheaus, A. and Herzog, L. 2016. The goods of work (other than money!). Journal of Social Philosophy 47, 7089.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gosseries, A. 2004. Historical emissions and free-riding. Ethical Perspectives 11, 3660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, H.L.A. 1955. Are there any natural rights? Philosophical Review 64, 175191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsieh, N-H. 2005. Rawlsian justice and workplace republicanism. Social Theory and Practice 31, 115142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hussain, W. 2009. The most stable just regime. Journal of Social Philosophy 40, 412433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hussain, W. and Moriarty, J. 2018. Accountable to whom? Rethinking the role of corporations in political CSR. Journal of Business Ethics 149, 519534.10.1007/s10551-016-3027-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ireland, P. 2018. Efficiency or power? The rise of the shareholder-oriented joint stock corporation. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 25, 291330.10.2979/indjglolegstu.25.1.0291CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kordana, K. and Tabachnick, D. 2004. Rawls and contract law. The George Washington Law Review 73, 598632.Google Scholar
Kordana, K. and Tabachnick, D.. 2006. Taxation, the private law, and distributive justice. Social Philosophy and Policy 23, 142165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kordana, K. and Tabachnick, D. 2008. The Rawlsian view of private ordering. Social Philosophy and Policy 25, 288307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kymlicka, W. 1995. Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Lindblom, L. 2009. Consent, contestability and employer authority. Revue de philosophie économique 10, 4779.10.3917/rpec.102.0047CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maclure, J. and Taylor, C. 2011. Secularism and Freedom of Conscience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magelssen, M. 2012. When should conscientious objection be accepted? Journal of Medical Ethics 38, 1821.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mendus, S. 2002. Choice, chance and multiculturalism. In Multiculturalism Reconsidered, ed. Kelly, P., 3144. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Moriarty, J. 2009. Rawls, self-respect, and the opportunity for meaningful work. Social Theory and Practice 35, 441459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Néron, P.-Y. 2015 a. Rethinking the very idea of egalitarian markets and corporations: why relationships might matter more than distribution. Business Ethics Quarterly 25, 93124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Néron, P.-Y. 2015 b. Social equality and economic institutions: arguing for workplace democracy. In The Equal Society: Essays on Equality in Theory and Practice, ed. Hull, G., 293314. London: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Olsaretti, S. 2013. Children as public goods? Philosophy and Public Affairs 41, 226258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Neill, M. 2008. Three Rawlsian routes towards economic democracy. Revue de Philosophie Economique 8, 2955.Google Scholar
Parekh, B. 1998. Cultural diversity and liberal democracy. In Democracy, Difference and Social Justice, ed. Mahajan, G., 202227. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Parekh, B. 2000. Rethinking Multiculturalism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Quong, J. 2006. Cultural exemptions, expensive tastes, and equal opportunities. Journal of Applied Philosophy 23, 5371.10.1111/j.1468-5930.2006.00320.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rawls, J. 1999. A Theory of Justice. Revised Edition. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Rawls, J. 2001. Justice as Fairness. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Rawls, J. 2005. Political Liberalism. Expanded Edition. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Robé, J.-P. 2011. The legal structure of the firm. Accounting, Economics and Law 1, 186.Google Scholar
Roland, P. 2018. Mandatory vaccination: an unqualified defence. Journal of Applied Philosophy 35, 381398.Google Scholar
Savulescu, J. 2006. Conscientious objection in medicine. British Medical Journal 332, 294297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scheffler, S. 2015. Distributive justice, the basic structure and the place of private law. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 35, 213235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seglow, J. 2010. Theories of religious exemptions. In Diversity in Europe: Dilemmas of Differential Treatment in Theory and Practice, eds Calder, G. and Ceva, E., 5264. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Singer, A. 2018. The political nature of the firm and the cost of norms. Journal of Politics 80, 831844.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singer, A. 2019. The Form of the Firm: A Normative Political Theory of the Firm. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Von Bergen, C.W. 2009. Conscience in the workplace. Employee Relations Law Journal 35, 324.Google Scholar
White, S. 2012. Religious exemptions: an egalitarian demand? Law & Ethics of Human Rights 6, 99118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar