Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T05:49:01.118Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

TIME SERIES REGRESSION ON INTEGRATED CONTINUOUS-TIME PROCESSES WITH HEAVY AND LIGHT TAILS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2012

Vicky Fasen*
Affiliation:
ETH Zürich
*
*Address correspondance to Vicky Fasen, ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; e-mail: [email protected].

Abstract

The paper presents a cointegration model in continuous time, where the linear combinations of the integrated processes are modeled by a multivariate Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. The integrated processes are defined as vector-valued Lévy processes with an additional noise term. Hence, if we observe the process at discrete time points, we obtain a multiple regression model. As an estimator for the regression parameter we use the least squares estimator. We show that it is a consistent estimator and derive its asymptotic behavior. The limit distribution is a ratio of functionals of Brownian motions and stable Lévy processes, whose characteristic triplets have an explicit analytic representation. In particular, we present the Wald and the t-ratio statistic and simulate asymptotic confidence intervals. For the proofs we derive some central limit theorems for multivariate Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes.

Type
ARTICLES
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

My special thanks go to Holger Rootzén, Carl Lindberg, and their colleagues at the Department of Mathematical Statistics at Chalmers University of Technology for their hospitality during my visit in fall 2008 and, in particular, for calling my attention to the topic of cointegration. I take pleasure in thanking Christoph Ferstl, who has written his diploma thesis (Ferstl, 2009) at the Technische Universität München using some preliminary notes of some earlier results, for having patience with my research progress. Furthermore, I am deeply grateful to some anonymous referees and to Claudia Klüppelberg for some useful comments. Finally, I thank John Nolan for providing me with the toolbox STABLE for Matlab.

References

REFERENCES

Aban, B. & Meerschaert, M.M. (2004) Generalized least-squares estimators for the thickness of heavy tails. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 119, 341352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adler, R.J., Feldman, R.E. & Taqqu, M.S. (eds.) (1998) A Practical Guide to Heavy Tails. Birkhäuser.Google Scholar
Avram, F. & Taqqu, M. (1991) Weak convergence of sums of moving average processes in the α-stable domain of attraction. Annals of Probability 20, 483503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakirov, N.K. & Székely, G.J. (2006) Student’s t-test for Gaussian scale mixtures. Journal of Mathematical Science 139, 64976505.Google Scholar
Basrak, B., Davis, R.A. & Mikosch, T. (2002) Regular variation of GARCH processes. Stochastic Processes and Their Applications 99, 95116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benth, F.E. & Benth, J.S. (2006) Analytic approximations for the price dynamics of spark spread options. Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics Econometrics 10(2), Article 8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benth, F.E., Benth, J.S., & Koekebakker, S. (2008) Stochastic Modelling of Electricity and Related Markets. World Scientific.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Billingsley, P. (1968) Convergence of Probability Measures. Wiley.Google Scholar
Brenner, R.J. & Kroner, K.F. (1995) Arbitrage, cointegration, and testing the unbiasedness hypothesis in financial markets. Journal of Financial Quantitative Analysis 10, 2342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caner, M. (1997) Weak convergence of matrix stochastic integral with stable processes. Econometric Theory 13, 506528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, N.H. (2009) Time series with roots on or near the unit circle. In Andersen, T.G., Davis, R.A., Kreiß, J.P. & Mikosch, T. (eds.), Handbook of Financial Time Series, pp. 695707. Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, N.H. & Tran, L.T. (1989) On the first order autoregressive process with infinite variance. Econometric Theory 5, 354362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cline, D.B.H. (1986) Convolution tails, product tails and domains of attraction. Probability Theory and Related Fields 72, 529557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Comte, F. (1999) Discrete and continuous time cointegration. Journal of Econometrics 88, 207222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daley, D.J. & Vere-Jones, D. (2003) An Introduction to the Theory of Point Processes, vol. I, Elementary Theory and Methods, 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Davis, R., Marengo, J., & Resnick, S. (1985) Extremal properties of a class of multivariate moving averages. Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute 51, 26.2–26.14.Google Scholar
Davis, R. & Resnick, S. (1985) Limit theory for moving averages of random variables with regularly varying tail probabilities. Annals of Probability 13, 179195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de la Peña, V.H., Shao, Q., & Lai, T.L. (2009) Self-Normalized Processes: Limit Theory and Statistical Applications. Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duan, J.C. & Pliska, S.R. (2004) Option valuation with co-integrated assets. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 28, 727754.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekström, E., Lindberg, C. & Tysk, J. (2011) Optimal liquidation of pairs trade. In DiNunno, G. & Øksendal, B. (eds.), Advanced Mathematical Methods for Finance, pp. 247255. Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elliott, R.J., Von der Hoeck, J., & Malcom, W.P. (2005) Pairs trading. Quantitative Finance 5, 271276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engle, R.F. & Granger, C.W.J. (1987) Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation and testing. Econometrica 55, 251276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E.F. (1965) The behavior of stock market prices. Journal of of Business 38, 34105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fasen, V. (2011) Limit theory for high frequency sampled MCARMA models. Manuscript, ETH, Zürich.Google Scholar
Fasen, V. (2012) Statistical estimation of multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes and applications to co-integration. Journal of of Econometrics, forthcoming.Google Scholar
Ferstl, C. (2009) Cointegration in discrete and continuous time, Diploma Thesis, Technische Universität München.Google Scholar
Gatev, E., Goetzmann, W.N., & Rouwenhorst, K.G. (2006) Pairs trading: Performance of a relative-value arbitrage rule. Review of Financial Studies 19, 797827.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granger, C.W.J. (1981) Some properties of time series data and their use in econometric model specification. Journal of Econometrics 16, 121130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hult, H. & Samorodnitsky, G. (2008) Tail probabilities for infinite series of regularly varying random vectors. Bernoulli 14, 838864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ibragimov, R. & Phillips, P.C.B. (2008) Regression asymptotics using martingale convergence methods. Econometric Theory 24, 888947.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacod, J. & Shiryaev, A.N. (2002) Limit Theorems for Stochastic Processes, 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Jeanblanc, M., Yor, M., & Chesney, M. (2009) Mathematical Methods for Financial Markets. Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jessen, A. & Mikosch, T. (2006) Regularly varying functions. Publications de l’Institut Mathématique 80, 171192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansen, S. (1996) Likelihood-Based Inference on Cointegration in the Vector Autoregressive Model. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kallenberg, O. (1997) Foundations of Modern Probability. Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Kurtz, T. & Protter, P. (1991) Characterizing the weak convergence of stochastic integrals. Stochastic Analysis 167, 255259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindskog, F. (2004) Multivariate extremes and regular variation for stochastic processes, Ph.D. Dissertation, ETH Zürich.Google Scholar
Loretan, M. & Phillips, P.C.B. (1994) Testing the covariance stationarity of heavy tailed time series. Journal of Empirical Finance 1, 211248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lütkepohl, H. (2007) New Introduction to Multiple Time Series Analysis, 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Lucia, J.J. & Schwartz, E. (2002) Electricity prices and power derivatives: Evidence from the nordic power exchange. Review of Derivatives Research 5, 550.Google Scholar
Mandelbrot, B.B. (1963) The variation of certain speculative prices. Journal of Business 36, 394419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marquardt, T. & Stelzer, R. (2007) Multivariate CARMA processes. Stochastic Processes and Their Applications 117, 96120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masuda, H. (2004) On multidimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes driven by a general Lévy process. Bernoulli 10, 97120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCulloch, J.H. (1997) Measuring tail thickness to estimate the stable index α: A critique. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 15, 7481.Google Scholar
McElroy, T. & Politis, D.N. (2002) Robust inference for the mean in the presence of serial correlation and heavy tailed distributions. Econometric Theory 18, 10191039.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meerschaert, M.M. & Scheffler, H.P. (2000) Moving averages of random vectors with regularly varying tails. Journal of Time Series Analysis 21, 297328.Google Scholar
Mittnik, S., Paulauskas, V., & Rachev, S.T. (2001) Statistical inference in regression with heavy-tailed integrated variables. Mathematical and Computer Modelling 34, 11451158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paulauskas, V., Rachev, S.T., & Fabozzi, F.J. (2011) Comment on “weak convergence to a matrix stochastic integral with stable processes.” Econometric Theory 27, 907911.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paulauskas, V. & Rachev, S. (1998) Cointegrated processes with infinite variance innovations. Annals of Applied Probability 8, 775792.Google Scholar
Phillips, P.C.B. (1987) Towards a unified asymptotic theory for autoregression. Biometrika 74,535547.Google Scholar
Phillips, P.C.B. (1990) Time series regression with a unit root and infinite-variance errors. Econometric Theory 6, 4462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, P.C.B. (1991) Error correction and long-run equilibrium in continuous time. Econometrica 59, 967980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, P.C.B. & Durlauf, S.N. (1986) Multiple time series regression with integrated processes. Review of Economic Studies 53, 473495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, P.C.B. & Solo, V. (1992) Asymptotics for linear processes. Annals of Statistics 20, 9711001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Politis, D.N., Romano, J.P., & Wolf, M. (1999) Subsampling. Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rachev, S.T. (ed.) (2003) Handbook of Heavy Tailed Distributions in Finance. Handbooks in Finance 1. Elsevier, North-Holland.Google Scholar
Rachev, S. & Mittnik, S.T. (2000) Stable Paretian Models in Finance. Wiley.Google Scholar
Resnick, S.I. (1987) Extreme Values, Regular Variation, and Point Processes. Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Resnick, S.I. (1992) Adventures in Stochastic Processes. Birkhäuser.Google Scholar
Resnick, S.I. (2007) Heavy-Tail Phenomena: Probabilistic and Statistical Modeling. Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Rvačeva, E.L. (1962) On domains of attraction of multidimensional distributions. Selected Translations in Mathematical Statistics and Probability Theory 2, 183205.Google Scholar
Samorodnitsky, G. & Taqqu, M.S. (1994) Stable Non-Gaussian Random Processes. Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Sato, K. (1999) Lévy Processes and Infinitely Divisible Distributions. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sato, K.I. & Yamazato, M. (1984) Operator selfdecomposable distributions as limit distributions of processes of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type. Stochastic Processes and Their Applications 17, 73100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Selivanvov, A.V. (2005) On the martingale measures in exponential Lévy models. Theory of Probability and Its Applications 49, 261274.Google Scholar
Shiryaev, A. (1995) Probability, 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Stockmarr, A. & Jacobsen, M. (1994) Gaussian diffusions and autoregressive processes: Weak convergence and statistical inference. Scandinavian Journal Statistics 21, 403429.Google Scholar
Weron, R. (2006) Modeling and Forecasting Electricity Loads and Prices: A Statistical Approach. Wiley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar