Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T22:21:08.419Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A taxonomic and biostratigraphic re-evaluation of the Post Quarry vertebrate assemblage from the Cooper Canyon Formation (Dockum Group, Upper Triassic) of southern Garza County, western Texas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2013

Jeffrey W. Martz ,
Bill Mueller ,
Sterling J. Nesbitt ,
Michelle R. Stocker ,
William G. Parker ,
Momchil Atanassov ,
Nicholas Fraser ,
Jonathan Weinbaum  and
James R. Lehane
Jeffrey W. Martz
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, CO 80205, USA. Email: [email protected]
Bill Mueller
Affiliation:
Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
Sterling J. Nesbitt
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
Michelle R. Stocker
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
William G. Parker
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA Division of Resource Management, Petrified Forest National Park, P.O. Box 2217, Petrified Forest, AZ 86028, USA
Momchil Atanassov
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
Nicholas Fraser
Affiliation:
National Museums Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK
Jonathan Weinbaum
Affiliation:
Biology Department, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06515, USA
James R. Lehane
Affiliation:
Department of Geology & Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Post Quarry, within the lower part of the type section of the Upper Triassic Cooper Canyon Formation in southern Garza County, western Texas, contains a remarkably diverse vertebrate assemblage. The Post Quarry has produced: the small temnospondyl Rileymillerus cosgriffi; the metoposaurid Apachesaurus gregorii; possible dicynodonts and eucynodonts; a clevosaurid sphenodontian; non-archosauriform archosauromorphs (Trilophosaurus dornorum, simiosaurians, and possibly Malerisaurus); the phytosaur Leptosuchus; several aetosaurs (Calyptosuchus wellesi, Typothorax coccinarum, Paratypothorax, and Desmatosuchus smalli); the poposauroid Shuvosaurus inexpectatus (“Chatterjeea elegans”); the rauisuchid Postosuchus kirkpatricki; an early crocodylomorph; several dinosauromorphs (the lagerpetid Dromomeron gregorii, the silesaurid Technosaurus smalli, a herrerasaurid, and an early neotheropod); and several enigmatic small diapsids. Revised lithostratigraphic correlations of the lower Cooper Canyon Formation with the Tecovas Formation, the occurrence of Leptosuchus, and the overall composition of the assemblage indicate that the Post Quarry falls within the Adamanian biozone, and not the Revueltian biozone. Stratigraphic subdivision of the Adamanian biozone may be possible, and the Post Quarry may be correlative with the upper part of the Adamanian biozone in Arizona. The age of the Post Quarry assemblage is possibly late Lacian or earliest Alaunian (late early Norian or earliest middle Norian), between 220 and 215 Ma.

Keywords

Adamanian biozoneDinosauromorphafaunal diversityland vertebrate faunachronsLeptosuchusPseudosuchiavertebrate locality
Type
Articles
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 103 , Issue 3-4: The Full Profession: A Celebration of the Life and Career of Wann Langston, Jr., Quintessential Vertebrate Palaeontologist , September 2012 , pp. 339 - 364
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

6. References

Abdala, F. & Giannini, N. P. 2002. Chiniquodontid cynodonts: systematic and morphometric considerations. Palaeontology 45 (6), 1151–70.Google Scholar
Arcucci, A. 1986. Nuevos materiales y reinterpretacion de Lagerpeton chanarensis Romer (Thecodontia, Lagerpetonidae nov.) del Triasico Medio de la Rioja, Argentina. Ameghiniana 23 (3–4), 233–42.Google Scholar
Ash, S. R. 1972. Upper Triassic Dockum flora of eastern New Mexico and Texas. In Breed, W. J. & Breed, C. S. (eds) Investigations in the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation: Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 47, 44–51.Google Scholar
Atanassov, M. N. 2002. Two new archosaur reptiles from the Late Triassic of Texas. PhD Dissertation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas. 352 pp.Google Scholar
Bakker, R. T. 1986. The Dinosaur Heresies. New York: William Morrow. 481 pp.Google Scholar
Ballew, K. L. 1989. A phylogenetic analysis of Phytosauria (Reptilia: Archosauria) from the late Triassic of the western United States. In Lucas, S. G. & Hunt, A. P. (eds) Dawn of the age of dinosaurs in the American Southwest, 309–39. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History.Google Scholar
Bell, C. J., Head, J. J. & Mead, J. I. 2004. Synopsis of the herpetofauna from Porcupine Cave. In Barnosky, A. D. (ed) Biodiversity Response to Climate Change in the Middle Pleistocene: the Porcupine Cave Fauna from Colorado, 117–26. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Bell, C. J., Gauthier, J. A. & Bever, G. S. 2010. Covert biases, circularity, and apomophies: a critical look at the North American Quaternary Herpetofaunal Stability Hypothesis. Quaternary International 217 (1–2), 30–36.Google Scholar
Benton, M. J. 1983. The Triassic reptile Hyperodapedon from Elgin: functional morphology and relationships. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London B 302 (1112), 605–720.Google Scholar
Benton, M. J. 1985. Classification and phylogeny of the diapsid reptiles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 84 (2), 97–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bever, G. S. 2005. Variation in the ilium of North American Bufo (Lissamphibia: Anura) and its implications for species-level identification of fragmentary anuran fossils. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (3), 548–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bittencourt, J. D. S. & Kellner, A. W. A. 2009. The anatomy and phylogenetic position of the Triassic dinosaur Staurikosaurus pricei, Colbert 1970. Zootaxa 2079, 1–59.Google Scholar
Bolt, J. R. & Chatterjee, S. 2000. A new temnospondyl amphibian from the Late Triassic of Texas. Journal of Paleontology 74 (4), 670–83.Google Scholar
Bonaparte, J. F., Ferigolo, J. & Ribeiro, A. M. 2001. A primitive Late Triassic ‘ictidosaur’ from the Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Palaeontology 44 (4), 623–35.Google Scholar
Bonaparte, J. F. & Sues, H.-D. 2006. A new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria, Rhynchocephalia) from the Upper Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Palaeontology 49 (4), 917–23.Google Scholar
Brusatte, S. L., Butler, R. J., Sulej, T. & Niedźwiedzki, G. 2009. The taxonomy and anatomy of rauisuchian archosaurs from the Late Triassic of Germany and Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54 (2), 221–30.Google Scholar
Camp, C. L. 1930. A study of the phytosaurs with description of new material from western North America. Memoirs of the University of California 10, 1–174.Google Scholar
Camp, C. L. & Welles, S. P. 1956. Triassic dicynodont reptiles, part 1, the North American genus Placerias. Memoirs of the University of California 13, 255–304.Google Scholar
Case, E. C. 1920. Preliminary description of a new suborder of phytosaurian reptiles with a description of a new species of Phytosaurus. Journal of Geology 28, 524–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Case, E. C. 1922. New reptiles and stegocephalians from the Upper Triassic of western Texas. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 321, 1–84.Google Scholar
Case, E. C. 1928. A cotylosaur from the Upper Triassic of western Texas. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 18 (7), 177–78.Google Scholar
Chatterjee, S. 1980. Malerisaurus, a new eosuchian reptile from the Late Triassic of India. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London B 291 (1048), 163–200.Google Scholar
Chatterjee, S. 1983. An ictidosaur fossil from North America. Science 220 (4602), 1151–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chatterjee, S. 1984. A new ornithischian dinosaur from the Triassic of North America. Naturwissenschaften 71 (12), 630–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chatterjee, S. 1985. Postosuchus, a new thecodontian reptile from the Triassic of Texas, and the origin of tyrannosaurs. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London B 309 (1139), 395–460.Google Scholar
Chatterjee, S. 1986a. The Late Triassic Dockum vertebrates: their stratigraphic and paleobiogeographic significance. In Padian, K. (ed.) The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs: faunal change across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, 139–50. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Chatterjee, S. 1986b. Malerisaurus langstoni, a new diapsid reptile from the Triassic of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6 (4), 297–312.Google Scholar
Chatterjee, S. 1991. Cranial anatomy and relationships of a new Triassic bird from Texas. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London B 332 (1265), 277–342.Google Scholar
Chatterjee, S. 1993. Shuvosaurus, an unusual theropod dinosaur from the Triassic of Texas. National Geographic Research & Exploration 9 (3), 274–85.Google Scholar
Chatterjee, S. 1995. The Triassic bird Protoavis. Archaeoptertyx 13, 15–31.Google Scholar
Chatterjee, S. 1999. Protoavis and the early evolution of birds. Palaeontographica A 254, 1–100.Google Scholar
Chiappe, L. M. 1995. The first 85 million years of avian evolution. Nature 378 (6555), 349–55.Google Scholar
Colbert, E. H., & Gregory, J. T. 1957. Correlation of continental Triassic sediments by vertebrate fossils. Geological Society of America Bulletin 68, 1456–67.Google Scholar
Cope, E. D. 1869. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia, and Aves of North America. Proceedings of the Academy of National Sciences, Philadelphia 1868, 208–21.Google Scholar
Cope, E. D. 1875. Report on the geology of that part of northwestern New Mexico examined during the field-season of 1874. Annual Report upon the geographical explorations west of the 100th Meridian [Wheeler Survey], Appendix LL, Annual Report Chief of Engineers for 1875.Google Scholar
Currie, P. J. 1995. New information on the anatomy and relationships of Dromaeosaurus albertensis (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15 (3), 576–91.Google Scholar
Currie, P. J., & Zhao, X.-J. 1993. A new troodontid (Dinosauria, Theropde) braincase from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Campanian) of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30 (10), 2231–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidow-Henry, B. 1987. New metoposaurs from the southwestern United States and their phylogenetic relationships. Master's Thesis, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas. 75 pp.Google Scholar
Davidow-Henry, B. 1989. Small metoposaurid amphibians from the Triassic of western North America and their significance. In Lucas, S. G. & Hunt, A. P. (eds) Dawn of the Age of Dinosaurs in the American Southwest, 278–92. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History.Google Scholar
Dawley, R. M., Zawiskie, J. M., & Cosgriff, J. W. 1979. A rauisuchid thecodont from the Upper Triassic Popo Agie Formation of Wyoming. Journal of Paleontology 53 (6), 1428–31.Google Scholar
Desojo, J. B., Ezcurra, M. D., & Kischlat, E. E. 2012. A new aetosaur genus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil. Zootaxa 3166, 1–33.Google Scholar
Desojo, J. B., & Ezcurra, M. D. 2011. A reappraisal of the taxonomic status of Aetosauroides (Archosauria, Aetosauria) specimens from the Late Triassic of South America and their proposed synonymy with Stagonolepis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (3), 596–609.Google Scholar
Doyle, K. D., & Sues, H.-D. 1995. Phytosaurs (Reptilia: Archosauria) from the Upper Triassic New Oxford Formation of York County, Pennsylvania. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15 (3), 545–53.Google Scholar
Drake, N. F. 1892. Stratigraphy of the Triassic formation of northwest Texas. Texas Geological Survey Annual Report 3, 225–47.Google Scholar
Dubiel, R. F. 1994. Triassic depositional systems, paleogeography, and paleoclimate of the Western Interior. In Caputo, M. V., Peterson, J. A., & Franczyk, K. J. (eds) Mesozoic Systems of the Rocky Mountain Region, USA, 133–68. Denver, Colorado: Rocky Mountain Section of SEPM.Google Scholar
Dunlavey, M. G., Whiteside, J. H. & Irmis, R. B. 2009. Ecosystem instability during the rise of the dinosaurs: evidence from the Late Triassic in New Mexico and Arizona. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 41, 477.Google Scholar
Elder, R. L. 1978. Paleontology and paleoecology of the Dockum Group, Upper Triassic, Howard County, Texas. Master's Thesis, University of Texas, Austin, Texas. 205 pp.Google Scholar
Evans, S. E. 1988. The phylogeny of Prolacertiformes. In Currie, P. M., & Koster, E. H. (eds) Fourth Symposium of Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Short Papers. Occasional Papers of the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology 3, 76–81.Google Scholar
Evans, S. E., Prasad, G. V. R. & Manhas, B. K. 2001. Rhynchocephalians (Diapsida: Lepidosauria) from the Jurassic Kota Formation of India. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 133 (3), 309–34.Google Scholar
Ezcurra, M. D. 2006. A review of the systematic position of the dinosauriform archosaur Eucoelophysis baldwini Sullivan and Lucas, 1999 from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico. USA. Geodiversitas 28 (4), 649–84.Google Scholar
Feduccia, A. & Wild, R. 1993. Birdlike characters in the Triassic archosaur Megalancosaurus. Naturwissenschaften 80 (12), 564–66.Google Scholar
Fiorillo, A. R., Padian, K., & Musikasinthorn, C. 2000. Taphonomy and depositional setting of the Placerias Quarry (Chinle Formation: Late Triassic, Arizona). Palaios 15 (5), 373–86.Google Scholar
Fraas, E. 1889. Die Labyrinthodonten der Schwabischen Trias. Palaeontolographica 60, 275–94.Google Scholar
Fraser, N. C. 1988. The osteology and relationships of Clevosaurus (Reptilia: Sphenodontida). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London B 321 (1204), 125–78.Google Scholar
Frehlier, A. P. 1986. Sedimentology, fluvial paleohydrology, and paleogeomorphology of the Dockum Formation (Triassic), West Texas. Master's Thesis, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas. 198 pp.Google Scholar
Furin, S., Preto, N., Rigo, M., Roghi, G., Gianolla, P., Crowley, J. L. & Bowring, S. L. 2006. High precision U-Pb zircon age from the Triassic of Italy: Implications for the Triassic time scale and the Carnian origin of calcareous nannoplankton and dinosaurs. Geology 34 (12), 1009–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gauthier, J. 1986. Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences 8, 1–55.Google Scholar
Gauthier, J., Kluge, A. G. & Rowe, T. 1988. The early evolution of the Amniota. In Benton, M. J. (ed) The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, 103–55. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Gauthier, J. & Padian, K. 1985. Phylogenetic, functional, and aerodynamic analyses of the origin of birds and their flight. In Hecht, M. K., Ostrom, J. H., Viohl, G., & Wellnhofer, P. (eds) The Beginning of Birds: Proceedings of the International Archaeopteryx Conference, Eichstätt, 1984. 185–97. Eichstätt: Freunde des Jura-Museums Eichstätt.Google Scholar
Gow, C. E. 1980. The dentitions of the Tritheledontidae (Therapsida: Cynodontia). Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B 208 (1173), 461–81.Google Scholar
Gower, D. J. 2000. Rauisuchian archosaurs (Reptilia, Diapsida): an overview. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen 218 (3), 447–88.Google Scholar
Gregory, J. T. 1953. Typothorax and Desmatosuchus. Postilla 16, 1–27.Google Scholar
Gregory, J. T. 1957. Significance of fossil vertebrates for correlation of Late Triassic continental deposits of North America. International Geologic Congress, 20th Session, Mexico, Section II, 7–25.Google Scholar
Gregory, J. T. 1962. The genera of phytosaurs. American Journal of Science 260, 652–90.Google Scholar
Gregory, J. T. 1972. Vertebrate faunas of the Dockum Group, eastern New Mexico and West Texas. In Kelly, V. C., & Trauger, F. D. (eds) Guidebook of East-Central New Mexico, 23rd Field Conference, 120–30. Albuquerque: New Mexico Geological Society.Google Scholar
Haeckel, E. 1866. Generelle Morphologie der Organismen, Allgemeine Grundzuge der Organischen Formen-Wissenschaft, Mechanisch Begründet Durch die von Charles Darwin Reformirte Descendez-Theorie. Berlin: Verlag von Georg Reimer.Google Scholar
Harris, J. D. & Downs, A. 2002. A drepanosaurid pectoral girdle from the Ghost Ranch (Whitaker) Coelophysis Quarry (Chinle Group, Rock Point Formation, Rhaetian), New Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22 (1), 70–75.Google Scholar
Heckert, A. B. 2004. Late Triassic microvertebrates from the lower Chinle Group (Otischalkian-Adamanian: Carnian), southwestern U.S.A. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 27, 170 pp.Google Scholar
Heckert, A. B., Lucas, S. G. & Krzyzanowski, S. 2002. The rauisuchian archosaur Saurosuchus from the Upper Triassic Chinle Group, southwestern U.S.A. and its biochronological significance. In Heckert, A. B. & Lucas, S. G. (eds) Upper Triassic stratigraphy and paleontology. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 21, 241–44. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 301 pp.Google Scholar
Heckert, A. B., Lucas, S. G., Rinehart, L. F., Spielmann, J. A., Hunt, A. P. & Kahle, R. 2006. Revision of the archosauromorph reptile Trilophosaurus, with a description of the first skull of Trilophosaurus jacobsi, from the Upper Triassic Chinle Group, West Texas, USA. Palaeontology 49 (3), 1–20.Google Scholar
Heckert, A. B., Lucas, S. G., Hunt, A. P., & Spielmann, J. A. 2007. Late Triassic aetosaur biochronology. In Lucas, S. G. & Spielmann, J. A. (eds) The Global Triassic. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 41, 49–50. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 415 pp.Google Scholar
Heckert, A. B., Lucas, S. G., Rinehart, L. H., Celesky, M. D., Spielmann, J. A., & Hunt, A. P. 2010. Articulated skeletons of the aetosaur Typothorax coccinarum Cope (Archosauria: Stagonolepididae) from the Upper Triassic Bull Canyon Formation (Revueltian: Early-Mid Norian), Eastern New Mexico, USA. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 (3), 619–42.Google Scholar
Heckert, A. B. & Lucas, S. G. 2000. Taxonomy, phylogeny, biostratigraphy, biochronology, paleobiogeography, and evolution of the Late Triassic Aetosauria (Archosauria: Crurotarsi). Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie Teil I 1998 Heft 11–12, 1539–87.Google Scholar
Heckert, A. B. & Lucas, S. G. 2002a. South American occurrences of the Adamanian (Late Triassic: Latest Carnian) index taxon Stagonolepis (Archosauria: Aetosauria) and their biochronological significance. Journal of Paleontology 76 (5), 852–63.Google Scholar
Heckert, A. B. & Lucas, S. G. 2002b. Revised Upper Triassic stratigraphy of the Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, U.S.A.In Heckert, A. B. & Lucas, S. G. (eds) Upper Triassic stratigraphy and paleontology. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 21, 1–36. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 301 pp.Google Scholar
Heckert, A. B. & Lucas, S. G. 2003. Straitigraphy and paleontology of the lower Chinle Group (Adamanian: Latest Carnian) in the vicinity of St. Johns, Arizona. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook 54, 281–88.Google Scholar
Huene, F. von. 1926. Notes on the age of the continental Triassic beds in North America with remarks on some fossil vertebrates. Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum 69, 1–10.Google Scholar
Huene, F. von. 1936. Ubersicht über Zusammensetzung und Bedeutung der Thecodontia. Zentralblatt fur Mineralogie, Serie B 1936, 162–68.Google Scholar
Huene, F. von. 1942. Lieferungen 3/4. Pseudosuchia, Saurischia, Rhynchosauridae und Schlussabschnitt []. Die Fossilen Reptilien des Südamerikanischen Gondwanalandes. Ergebnisse der Sauriergrabungen in Südbrasilien 1928/29 [], 61–332. München: C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.Google Scholar
Huene, F. von. 1946. Die grossen stamme der Tetrapoden in den geologischen Zeiten. Biologischen Zentralblatt 65, 266–75.Google Scholar
Hungerbühler, A. 2002. The late Triassic phytosaur Mystriosuchus westphali, with a revision of the genus. Palaeontology 45 (2), 377–418.Google Scholar
Hunt, A. P. 1993. Revision of the Metoposauridae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) and description of a new genus from western North America. In Morales, M. (eds) Aspects of Mesozoic Geology and Paleontology of the Colorado Plateau. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 59, 67–97.Google Scholar
Hunt, A. P. 2001. The vertebrate fauna, biostratigraphy, and biochronology of the type Revueltian land-vertebrate faunachron, Bull Canyon Formation (Upper Triassic), East-Central New Mexico. In Lucas, S. G. & Ulmer-Scholle, D. S. (eds) Geology of the Llano Estacado. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook 52, 123–52.Google Scholar
Hunt, A. P., Lucas, S. G., Heckert, A. B., Sullivan, R. M., & Lockley, M. G. 1998. Late Triassic dinosaurs from the western United States. Geobios 31 (4), 511–31.Google Scholar
Hunt, A. P., Lucas, S. G., & Heckert, A. B. 2005. Definition and correlation of the Lamyan: A new biochronological unit for the nonmarine Late Carnian (Late Triassic). In Lucas, S. G., Zeigler, K. E., Lueth, V. W., & Owen, D. E. (eds) Geology of the Chama Basin. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook 56, 357–66.Google Scholar
Hunt, A. P. & Lucas, S. G. 1992. The first occurrence of the aetosaur Paratypothorax andressi (Reptilia: Archosauria) in the western United States and its biochronological significance. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 66, 147–57.Google Scholar
Hunt, A. P. & Lucas, S. G. 1994. Ornithischian dinosaurs from the Upper Triassic of the United States. In Fraser, N. C. & Sues, H.-D. (eds) In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods, 227–41. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hunt, A. P. & Lucas, S. G. 1995. Vertebrate paleontology and biochronology of the lower Chinle Group (Upper Triassic), Santa Fe County, North-Central New Mexico. In Bauer, P. W., Kues, B. W., Dunbar, N. W., Karlstrom, K. E., & Harrison, B. (eds) Geology of the Santa Fe Region. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook 46, 243–46.Google Scholar
Hüsing, S. K., Deenen, M. H. L., Koopmans, J. G., Krijgsman, W. 2011. Magnetostratigraphic dating of the proposed Rhaetian GSSP at Steinbergkogel (Upper Triassic, Austria): Implications for the Late Triassic time scale. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 302 (1–2), 203–16.Google Scholar
Irmis, R. B. 2005. The vertebrate fauna of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation in northern Arizona. In Nesbitt, S. J., Parker, W. G., & Irmis, R. B. (eds) Guidebook to the Triassic Formations of the Colorado Plateau in northern Arizona: Geology, Paleontology and History. Mesa Southwest Museum Bulletin 9, 63–88.Google Scholar
Irmis, R. B. 2007. Axial skeleton ontogeny in the Parasuchia (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) and its implications for ontogenetic determination in archosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (2), 350–61.Google Scholar
Irmis, R. B., Parker, W. G., Nesbitt, S. J. & Liu, J. 2007a. Early ornithischians dinosaurs: the Triassic record. Historical Biology 19 (1), 3–22.Google Scholar
Irmis, R. B., Nesbitt, S. J., Padian, K.Smith, N. D., Turner, A. H., Woody, D. & Downs, A. 2007b. A Late Triassic dinosauromorph assemblage from New Mexico and the rise of dinosaurs. Science 317 (5836), 358–61.Google Scholar
Irmis, R. B., Martz, J. W., Parker, W. G. & Nesbitt, S. J. 2010. Re-evaluating the correlation between Late Triassic terrestrial vertebrate biostratigraphy and the GSSP-defined marine stages. Albertiana 38, 40–52.Google Scholar
Irmis, R. B., Mundil, R., Martz, J. W. & Parker, W. G. 2011. High-resolution U-Pb ages from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation (New Mexico, USA) support a diachronous rise of dinosaurs. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 309 (3–4), 258–67.Google Scholar
Jacobs, L. L. & Murry, P. A. 1980. The vertebrate community of the Triassic Chinle Formation near St. Johns, Arizona. In Jacobs, L. L. (ed) Aspects of Vertebrate History, 55–71. Flagstaff: Museum of Northern Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Kaye, F. T. & Padian, K. 1994. Microvertebrates from the Placerias Quarry: a window of Late Triassic vertebrate diversity in the American Southwest. In Fraser, N. C. & Sues, H.-D. (eds) In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods, 171–96. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kemp, T. S. 1982. Mammal-like reptiles and the origin of mammals. London: Academic Press. 363 pp.Google Scholar
Langer, M. C. 2004. Basal Saurischia. In Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P., & Osmólska, H. (eds) The Dinosauria, 2nd Edition, 25–46. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Langer, M. C. 2005. Studies on continental Late Triassic tetrapod bochronology. II. The Ischigualastian and Carnian global correlation. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 19 (2), 219–39.Google Scholar
Langer, M. C. & Benton, M. J. 2006. Early dinosaurs: a phylogenetic study. Journal of Systematic Paleontology 4 (4), 309–58.Google Scholar
Langston, W. L. Jr. 1949. A new species of Paleorhinus from the Triassic of Texas. American Journal of Science, 247 (5), 324–41.Google Scholar
Lehane, J. 2005. Anatomy and relationships of Shuvosaurus, a basal theropod from the Triassic of Texas. Master's Thesis, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas. 92 pp.Google Scholar
Lehman, T. M. 1994a. The saga of the Dockum Group and the case of the Texas/New Mexico boundary fault. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Bulletin 150, 37–51.Google Scholar
Lehman, T. M. 1994b. Save the Dockum Group! West Texas Geological Society Bulletin 34 (4), 1–10.Google Scholar
Lehman, T. M., Chatterjee, S. & Schnable, J. P. 1992. The Cooper Canyon Formation (Late Triassic) of western Texas. Texas Journal of Science 44 (3), 349–55.Google Scholar
Lehman, T. & Chatterjee, S. 2005. The depositional setting and vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Triassic Dockum Group of Texas. Indian Journal of Earth System Sciences 114 (3), 325–51.Google Scholar
Long, R. A. & Ballew, K. L. 1985. Aetosaur dermal armor from the Late Triassic of southwestern North America, with special reference to the Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park In Colbert, E. H. & Johnson, R. R. (eds) The Petrified Forest Through the Ages. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 54, 45–68.Google Scholar
Long, R. A. & Murry, P. A. 1995. Late Triassic (Carnian and Norian) tetrapods from the southwestern United States. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 4, 254 pp.Google Scholar
Long, R. A. & Padian, K. 1986. Vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Late Triassic Chinle Formation, Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona: preliminary results. In Padian, K. (ed) The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs: faunal change across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary, 61–169. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lucas, S. G. 1993. The Chinle Group: Revised Stratigraphy and Biochronology of Upper Triassic Nonmarine Strata in the Western United States. In Morales, M. (ed.) Aspects of Mesozoic Geology and Paleontology of the Colorado Plateau. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 59, 27–50.Google Scholar
Lucas, S. G. 1998. Global Triassic tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 143 (4), 347–84.Google Scholar
Lucas, S. G. 2001. First day road log, from Tucumcari to the edge of the Llano Estacado at Gruhlky, Texas, Palo Duro Canyon, Texas, and San John Hill, New Mexico. In Lucas, S. G., & Ulmer-Scholle, D.-S. (eds) Geology of the Llano Estacado. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook 52, 12–13.Google Scholar
Lucas, S. G. 2010. The Triassic timescale based on nonmarine tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology. In Lucas, S. G. (ed) The Triassic Timescale: Geological Society, London, Special Publications 334, 447–500.Google Scholar
Lucas, S. G., Anderson, O. J. & Hunt, A. P. 1994. Triassic stratigraphy and correlations, southern High Plains of New Mexico-Texas. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Bulletin 150, 105–26.Google Scholar
Lucas, S. G., Heckert, A. B. & Hunt, A. P. 1997. Stratigraphy and biochronological significance of the Late Triassic Placerias quarry, eastern Arizona (U.S.A.). Neues Jahrebuch für Geologie und Paleontologie Abhandlungen 203 (1), 23–46.Google Scholar
Lucas, S. G., Heckert, A. B. & Hunt, A. P. 2001. Triassic stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and correlation in East-Central New Mexico. In Lucas, S. G., & Ulmer-Scholle, D. (eds) Geology of the Llano Estacado. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook 52, 85–102.Google Scholar
Lucas, S. G., Heckert, A. B. & Hunt, A. P. 2002. A new species of the aetosaur Typothrax (Archosauria: Stagonolepididae) from the Upper Triassic of east-central New Mexico. In Heckert, A. B. & Lucas, S. G. (eds) Upper Triassic Stratigraphy and Paleontology. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 21, 221–33. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 301 pp.Google Scholar
Lucas, S. G., Heckert, A. B. & Rinehart, L. F. 2006. The Late Triassic aetosaur Paratypothorax. In Harris, J. D., Lucas, S. G., Spielmann, J. A., Lockley, M. G., Kirkland, J. I. & Milner, A. R. C. (eds) The Triassic–Jurassic Terrestrial Transition. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 37, 575–80. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 607 pp.Google Scholar
Lucas, S. G., Hunt, A. P., & Spielmann, J. A. 2007. A new aetosaur from the Upper Triassic (Adamanian: Carnian) of Arizona. In Lucas, S. G. & Spielmann, J. A. (eds) Triassic of the American West. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 40, 241–47. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 247 pp.Google Scholar
Lucas, S. G. & Anderson, O. J. 1993. Lithostratigraphy, sedimentation, and sequence stratigraphy of Upper Triassic Dockum Formation, West Texas. In Crick, R. E. (ed) Southwest Section Geological Convention, AAPG Transactions and Abstracts, 55–65. Arlington: University of Texas at Arlington.Google Scholar
Lucas, A. G. & Anderson, O. J. 1995. Dockum (Upper Triassic) stratigraphy and nomenclature. West Texas Geological Society Bulletin 34 (7), 5–11.Google Scholar
Lucas, S. G. & Hunt, A. P. 1989. Revised Triassic stratigraphy in the Tucumcari Basin, East-Central New Mexico. In Lucas, S. G., & Hunt, A. P. (eds) Dawn of the Age of Dinosaurs in the American Southwest, 327–29. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science.Google Scholar
Lucas, S. G. & Hunt, A. P. 1993. Tetrapod biochronology of the Chinle Group (Upper Triassic), western United States. In Lucas, S. G. & Morales, M. (eds) The Nonmarine Triassic. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 3, 327–29. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 478 pp+59 pp.Google Scholar
Lydekker, R. 1887. The fossil Vertebrata of India. Records of the Geological Survey of India 20, 51–80.Google Scholar
Marsh, O. C. 1881. Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs. Part V. The American Journal of Science and Arts, series 3 21, 417–423.Google Scholar
Marsh, O. C. 1884. The classification and affinities of dinosaurian reptiles. Nature 31, 68–69.Google Scholar
Martinelli, A. G., Bonaparte, J. F., Schultz, C. L. & Rubert, R. 2005. A new tritheledontid (Therapsida, Eucynodontia) from the Late Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) and its phylogenetic relationships among carnivorous non-mammalian eucynodonts. Ameghiniana 42 (1), 191–208.Google Scholar
Martinelli, A. G. & Rougier, G. M. 2007. On Chaliminia musteloides (Eucynodontia: Tritheledontidae) from the Late Triassic of Argentina and a phylogeny of Ictidosauria. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (2), 442–60.Google Scholar
Martinez, R. N., May, C. L. & Forster, C. A. 1996. A new carnivorous cynodont from the Ischigualasto Formation (Late Triassic, Argentina), with comments on eucynodont phylogeny. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16 (2), 271–84.Google Scholar
Martz, J. W. 2002. The morphology and ontogeny of Typothorax coccinarum (Archosauria, Stagonolepididae) from the Upper Triassic of the American southwest. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas. 279 pp.Google Scholar
Martz, J. W. 2008. Lithostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, and vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Dockum Group (Upper Triassic), of southern Garza County, West Texas. PhD Dissertation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas. 504 pp.Google Scholar
Martz, J. W. & Small, B. J. 2006. Tecovasuchus chatterjeei, a new aetosaur (Archosauria: Stagonolepididae) from the Tecovas Formation (Carnian, Upper Triassic) of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 (2), 308–20.Google Scholar
McGowan, J. H., Granata, G. E. & Seni, S. J. 1979. Depositional framework of the lower Dockum Group (Triassic), Texas Panhandle. University of Texas Bureau of Economic Geology Report of Investigations 97, 60 pp.Google Scholar
McGowan, J. H., Granata, G. E. & Seni, S. J. 1983. Depositional setting of the Triassic Dockum Group, Texas Panhandle and eastern New Mexico. In Reynolds, M. W. & Dolly, E. D. (eds) Mesozoic Paleogeography of the West-Central United States, 13–38. Denver, Colorado: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Rocky Mountain Section.Google Scholar
Merrem, B. 1820. Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Iohann Marburg: Christian Krieger. 412 pp.Google Scholar
Meyer, H. von. 1861. Reptilien aus dem Stubensandstein des oberen Keupers. Palaeontographica 7, 253–346.Google Scholar
Milner, A. R. 1994. Late Triassic and Jurassic amphibians: fossil record and phylogeny. In Fraser, N. C., & Sues, H.-D. (eds) In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods, 5–22. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Motani, R. 1997. Temporal and spatial distribution of tooth implantation in ichthyosaurs. In Callaway, J. M. & Nicholls, E. L. (eds.) Ancient Marine Reptiles, 81–103. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Mueller, B. & Chatterjee, S. 2007. Dicynodonts (Synapsida: Therapsida) from the Late Triassic Dockum Group of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (3, supplement), 121A.Google Scholar
Mueller, B. D. & Parker, W. G. 2006. A new species of Trilophosaurus (Diapsida: Archosauromorpha) from the Sonsela Member (Chinle Formation) of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona. In Parker, W. G., Ash, S. R. & Irmis, R. B. (eds) A Century of Research at Petrified Forest National Park 1906–2006. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 62, 19–125.Google Scholar
Murry, P. A. 1982. Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Dockum Group, Triassic of Texas. PhD Dissertation, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas. 459 pp.Google Scholar
Murry, P. A. 1986. Vertebrate paleontology of the Dockum Group, western Texas and eastern New Mexico. In Padian, K. (ed) The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs: faunal change across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary, 109–37. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Murry, P. 1987. New reptiles from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 61 (4), 773–86.Google Scholar
Murry, P. A. 1989. Geology and paleontology of the Dockum Formation (Upper Triassic), west Texas and eastern New Mexico. In Lucas, S. G. & Hunt, A. P. (eds) Dawn of the Age of Dinosaurs in the American Southwest, 109–37. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science.Google Scholar
Muttoni, G., Kent, D. V., Olsen, R. E., Di Stefano, P., Lowrie, W., Bernasconi, S. M. & Hernández, F. M. 2004. Tethyan magnetostratigraphy from Pizzo Mondello (Sicily) and correlation to the Late Triassic Newark astrochronological polarity time scale. GSA Bulletin 116 (9/10), 1043–58.Google Scholar
Muttoni, G., Kent, D. V., Jadoul, F., Olsen, P. E., Rigo, M., Galli, M. T. & Nicora, A. 2010. Rhaetian magneto-biostratigraphy from the Southern Alps (Italy): Constraints on Triassic chronology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, and Paleoecology 285 (1–2), 1–16.Google Scholar
Nesbitt, S. 2007. The anatomy of Effigia okeeffeae (Archosauria, Suchia), theropod-like convergence, and the distribution of related taxa. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 302, 84 pp.Google Scholar
Nesbitt, S. J. 2011. The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 352, 292 pp.Google Scholar
Nesbitt, S. J., Turner, A. H., Erickson, G. M. & Norell, M. A. 2006. Prey choice and cannialistic behaviour in the theropod Coelophysis. Biology Letters 2 (4), 611–14.Google Scholar
Nesbitt, S. J., Irmis, R. B. & Parker, W. G. 2007. A critical re-evaluation of the Late Triassic dinosaur taxa of North America. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 5 (2), 209–43.Google Scholar
Nesbitt, S. J., Irmis, R. B., Parker, W. G., Smith, N. D., Turner, A. H. & Rowe, T. 2009a. Hindlimb osteology and distribution of basal dinosauromorphs from the Late Triassic of North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29 (2), 498–516.Google Scholar
Nesbitt, S. J., Stocker, M. R., Small, B. J. & Downs, A. 2009b. The osteology and relationships of Vancleavea campi (Reptilia: Archosauriformes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (4), 814–64.Google Scholar
Nesbitt, S. J., Sidor, C. A., Irmis, R. B., Angielczyk, K. A., Smith, R. M. A. & Tsuji, L. A. 2010. Ecologically distinct dinosaurian sister group shows early diversification of Ornithodira. Nature 464 (4), 95–98.Google Scholar
Nesbitt, S. J. & Chatterjee, S. 2008. Late Triassic dinosauriforms from the Post Quarry and surrounding areas, West Texas, U.S.A. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen 249 (2), 143–56.Google Scholar
Nesbitt, S. J. & Norell, M. A. 2006. Extreme convergence in the body plans of an early suchian (Archosauria) and an ornithomimid dinosaur (Theropoda). Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B 273 (1590), 1045–48.Google Scholar
Nesbitt, S. J. & Stocker, M. R. 2008. The vertebrate assemblage of the Late Triassic Canjilon Quarry (northern New Mexico, U.S.A.), and the importance of apomorphy-based assemblage comparisons. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 (4), 1063–72.Google Scholar
Nopsca, F. von. 1928. The genera of reptiles. Paleobiologica 1, 163–88.Google Scholar
Novas, F. E. 1992. Phylogenetic relationships of the basal dinosaurs, the Herrerasauridae. Palaeontology 35 (1), 51–62.Google Scholar
Ogg, J. G. 2004. The Triassic Period. In Gradstein, F., Ogg, J. & Smith, A. (eds) A Geologic Time Scale 2004, 271–306. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Olsen, P. E., Kent, D. V. & Whiteside, J. H. 2011. Implications of the Newark Supergroup-based astrochronology and geomagnetic polarity time scale (Newark-APTS) for the tempo and mode of the early diversification of the Dinosauria. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 101 (for 2010), 201–29.Google Scholar
Osborn, H. F. 1903. On the primary division of the Reptilia into two subclasses, Synapsida and Diapsida. Science 17, 275–76.Google Scholar
Ostrom, J. H. 1991. The question of the origin of birds. In Schultze, H. P. & Trued, L. (eds) Origins of the Higher Groups of Tetrapods, 467–84. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Owen, R. 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 11, 60–204.Google Scholar
Owen, R. 1860. Palaeontology, or, a systematic summary of extinct animals and their geological relations. Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black.Google Scholar
Padian, K. & Chiappe, L. M. 1998. The origin and early evolution of birds. Biological Reviews 73 (1), 1–42.Google Scholar
Parker, W. G. 2003. Description of a new specimen of Desmatosuchus haplocerus from the Late Triassic of northern Arizona. Master's Thesis, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona. 315 pp.Google Scholar
Parker, W. G. 2005a. A new species of the Late Triassic aetosaur Desmatosuchus (Archosauria, Pseudosuchia). Comptes Rendus Paleovol 4 (4), 327–40.Google Scholar
Parker, W. G. 2005b. Faunal review of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of Arizona. Mesa Southwest Museum Bulletin 11, 34–54.Google Scholar
Parker, W. G. 2006. The stratigraphic distribtuion of major fossil localities in Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona. In Parker, W. G., Ash, S. R. & Irmis, R. B. (eds) A Century of Research at Petrified Forest National Park 1906–2006. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 62, 46–62.Google Scholar
Parker, W. G. 2007. Reassessment of the aetosaur “Desmatosuchus chamaensis” with a reanalysis of the phylogeny of the Aetosauria (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 5 (1), 41–68.Google Scholar
Parker, W. G. 2008. Description of new material of the aetosaur Desmatosuchus spurensis (Archosauria: Suchia) from the Chinle Formation of Arizona and a revision of the genus Desmatosuchus. PaleoBios 28 (1), 1–40.Google Scholar
Parker, W. G., Hungerbühler, A. & Martz, J. W. 2013. The taxonomic status of the phytosaurs (Archosauriformes) Machaeroprosopus and Pseudopalatus from the Late Triassic of the western United States. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 103 (for 2012), 265–68.Google Scholar
Parker, W. G. & Barton, B. J. 2008. New information on the Upper Triassic archosauriform Vancleavea campi based on new material from the Chinle Formation of Arizona. Paleontologia Electronica 11 (3), 20 pp.Google Scholar
Parker, W. G. & Martz, J. W. 2011. The Late Triassic (Norian) Adamanian-Revueltian tetrapod transition in the Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 101 (for 2010), 231–60.Google Scholar
Parrish, J. M. 1993. Phylogeny of the Crocodylotarsi, with reference to archosaurian and crurotarsan monophyly. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13 (3), 287–308.Google Scholar
Paul, G. S. 1988. Predatory Dinosaurs of the World: A Complete Illustrated Guide. New York: Simon and Schuster. 464 pp.Google Scholar
Paul, G. S. 2002. Dinosaurs of the Air: the Evolution and Loss of Flight in Dinosaurs and Birds. Baltimore, Maryland: John Hopkins University Press. 460 pp.Google Scholar
Peyer, K., Carter, J. G., Sues, H.-D., Novak, S. E., & Olsen, P. E. 2008. A new suchian archosaur from the Upper Triassic of North Carolina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 (2), 363–81.Google Scholar
Ramezani, J., Hoke, G. D., Fastovsky, D. E., Bowring, S. A., Therrien, F., Dworkin, S. I., Atchley, S. C., & Nordt, L. C. 2011. High-precision U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Late Triassic Chinle Formation, Petrified Forest National Park (Arizona, USA): temporal constraints on the early evolution of dinosaurs. Geological Society of America 123 (11–12), 2142–59.Google Scholar
Raucci, J. J., Blakey, R. C. & Umhoefer, P. J. 2006. A new geologic map of Petrified Forest National park with emphasis on members and key beds of the Chinle Formation. In Parker, W. G., Ash, S. R. & Irmis, R. B. (eds) A Century of Research at Petrified Forest National Park 1906–2006. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 62, 157–59.Google Scholar
Rauhut, O. W. M. 1997. Zur Schädelanatomie von Shuvosaurus inexpectatus (Dinosauria; Theropoda). In Sachs, S., Rauhut, O. W. M. & Weigert, A. (eds) 1. Treffen der deutschsprachigen Palaeoherpetologen, Düsseldorf, 21-23.02.1997, Extended Abstracts. Terra Nostra 7/97, 17–21.Google Scholar
Rauhut, O. W. M. 2003. The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology 69. London: The Palaeontological Association. 213 pp.Google Scholar
Rayfield, E. J., Barrett, P. M., McDonnell, R. A. & Willis, K. J. 2005. A Geographical Information System (GIS) study of Triassic vertebrate biochronology. Geological Magazine 142 (4), 327–54.Google Scholar
Rayfield, E. J., Barrett, P. M. & Milner, A. R. 2009. Utility and validity of Middle and Late Triassic ‘land vertebrate faunachrons.’ Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29 (1), 80–87.Google Scholar
Renesto, S. 2000. Bird-like head on a chameleon body: new specimens of the enigmatic diapsid reptile Megalancosaurus from the late Triassic of northern Italy. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigraphia 106 (2), 157–80.Google Scholar
Renesto, S. C., Spielmann, J. A., Lucas, S. G. & Spagnoli, G. T. 2010. The taxonomy and paleobiology of the Late Triassic (Carnian-Norian: Adamanian-Apachean) drepanosaurs (Diapsida: Archosauromorpha: Drepanosauromorpha). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science 46. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 81 pp.Google Scholar
Renesto, S. & Binelli, G. 2006. Vallesaurus cenensis Wild, 1991, a drepanosaurid (Reptilia, Diapsida) from the Late Triassic of northern Italy. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 112 (1), 77–94.Google Scholar
Renesto, S. & Fraser, N. C. 2003. Drepanosaurid (Reptilia: Diapsida) remains from a late Triassic fissure infilling at Cromhall Quarry (Avon, Great Britain). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23 (3), 703–05.Google Scholar
Rieppel, O., Fraser, N. C. & Nosotti, S. 2003. The monophyly of Protorosauria (Reptilia, Archosauromorpha): a preliminary analysis. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 144 (2), 359–82.Google Scholar
Säilä, L. K. 2005. A new species of the sphenodontian reptile Clevosaurus from the Lower Jurassic of South Wales. Palaeontology 48 (4), 817–31.Google Scholar
Schoch, R. R. 2008. A new stereospondyl from the German Middle Triassic and the origin of Metoposauridae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 152, 79–113.Google Scholar
Schultz, C. L. 2005. Biostratigraphy of the non-marine Triassic: Is a global correlation based on tetrapod faunas possible?In Koutsoukos, E. A. M. (ed) Applied Stratigraphy, 123–45. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Seeley, H. G. 1887. On the classification of the fossil animals commonly named Dinosauria. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London 43, 165–71.Google Scholar
Senter, P. 2004. Phylogeny of the Drepanosauridae (Reptilia: Diapsida). Journal of Systematic Paleontology 2 (3), 257–68.Google Scholar
Sereno, P. C. 1991a. Lesothosaurus, “fabrosaurids,” and the early evolution of Ornithischia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11 (2), 168–97.Google Scholar
Sereno, P. C. 1991b. Basal archosaurs: phylogenetic relationships and functional implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (Memoir 2) 11 (4 supplement), 53 pp.Google Scholar
Sereno, P. C. 1997. The origin and evolution of dinosaurs. Annual Reviews in Earth and Planetary Science 25, 435–89.Google Scholar
Sereno, P. C. 1998. A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with application to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria. Neues Jahrebuch für Geologie und Paleontologie, Abhandlungen 210, 41–83.Google Scholar
Sereno, P. C. 2005. The logical basis of phylogenetic taxonomy. Systematic Biology 54 (4), 595–619.Google Scholar
Sereno, P. C. & Arcucci, A. B. 1994. Dinosaurian precursors from the Middle Triassic of Argentina: Marasuchus lilloensis, gen. nov. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14 (1), 53–73.Google Scholar
Shubin, N. H., Crompton, A. W., Sues, H.-D. & Olsen, P. E. 1991. New fossil evidence on the sister-group of mammals and early Mesozoic faunal distributions. Science 251 (4997), 1063–65.Google Scholar
Sidor, C. A. & Hancox, P. J. 2006. Elliotherium kersteni, a new tritheledontid from the Lower Elliot Formation (Upper Triassic) of South Africa. Journal of Paleontology 80 (2), 333–42.Google Scholar
Simpson, E. O. 1998. The phylogeny and biostratigraphic utility of parasuchids from the Dockum Group of West Texas. Master's Thesis, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas. 140 pp.Google Scholar
Small, B. J. 1985. The Triassic thecodontian reptile Desmatosuchus: osteology and relationships. Master's Thesis, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas. 83 pp.Google Scholar
Small, B. J. 1989a. Post Quarry. In Lucas, S. G. & Hunt, A. P. (eds) Dawn of the Age of Dinosaurs in the American Southwest, 145–48. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science.Google Scholar
Small, B. J. 1989b. Aetosaurs from the Upper Triassic Dockum Formation, Post Quarry, West Texas. In Lucas, S. G. & Hunt, A. P. (eds) Dawn of the Age of Dinosaurs in the American Southwest, 301–08. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science.Google Scholar
Small, B. J. 2002. Cranial anatomy of Desmatosuchus haplocerus (Reptilia: Archosauria: Stagonolepididae). In Norman, D. B. & Gower, D. J. (eds) Archosaurian anatomy and paleontology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136 (1), 97–111.Google Scholar
Smith, N. D., Makovicky, P. J., Hammer, W. R. & Currie, P. J. 2007. Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 151 (2), 377–421.Google Scholar
Spielmann, J. A., Lucas, S. G., Hunt, A. P. & Heckert, A. B. 2006. Reinterpretation of the holotype of Malerisaurus langstoni, a diapsid reptile from the Upper Triassic Chinle Group of West Texas. In Harris, J. D., Lucas, S. G., Spielmann, J. A., Lockley, M. G., Kirkland, J. I. & Milner, A. R. C. (eds) The Triassic–Jurassic Terrestrial Transition. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 37, 543–47. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 607 pp.Google Scholar
Spielmann, J. A., Lucas, S. G., Heckert, A. B., Rinehart, L. F. & Hunt, A. P. 2007. Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the Late Triassic archosauromorph Trilophosaurus. In Lucas, S. G. & Spielmann, J. A. (eds) The Global Triassic. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 41, 229–40. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 415 pp.Google Scholar
Spielmann, J. A., Lucas, S. G., Rinehart, L. F. & Heckert, A. B. 2008. The Late Triassic archosauromorph Trilophosaurus. New Mexico Museum of Natural Science Bulletin 43. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 177 pp.Google Scholar
Stocker, M. R. 2010. A new taxon of phytosaur (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the Late Triassic (Norian) Sonsela Member (Chinle Formation) in Arizona, and a critical reevaluation of Leptosuchus Case, 1922. Paleontology 53 (5), 997–1022.Google Scholar
Stocker, M. R. 2012. A new phytosaur (Archosauriformes, Phytosauria) from the Lot's Wife beds (Sonsela Member) within the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of Petrified Forest National Park. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 (3), 573–86.Google Scholar
Stocker, M. R. 2013. A new taxonomic arrangement for Paleorhinus scurriensis. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 103 (for 2012), 251–63.Google Scholar
Sues, H.-D. & Fraser, N. C. 2010. Triassic Life On Land: The Great Transition. New York: Columbia University Press. 236 pp.Google Scholar
Therrien, F. & Fastovsky, D. E. 2000. Paleoenvironments of early theropods, Chinle Formation (Late Triassic), Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona. Palaios 15 (3), 194–211.Google Scholar
Walker, A. D. 1968. Protosuchus, Proterochampsa, and the origin of phytosaurs and crocodiles. Geological Magazine 105, 1–14.Google Scholar
Watson, D. M. S. 1919. The structure, evolution, and origin of Amphibia-the orders Rhachitomi and Stereospondyli. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, Series B 209, 1–73.Google Scholar
Weinbaum, J. C. 2002. Osteology and relationships of Postosuchus kirkpatricki (Archosauria, Crurotarsi). Master's Thesis, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas. 78 pp.Google Scholar
Weinbaum, J. C. 2007. Review of the Triassic reptiles Poposaurus gracilis and Postosuchus kirkpatricki (Reptilia: Archosauria). PhD Dissertation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas. 183 pp.Google Scholar
Weinbaum, J. C. 2011. The skull of Postosuchus kirkpatricki (Archosauria: Paracrocodyliformes) from the Upper Triassic of the United States. PaleoBios 30 (1), 18–44.Google Scholar
Weinbaum, J. C. 2013. Postcranial skeleton of Postosuchus kirkpatricki (Archosauria: Paracrocodylomorpha) from the Upper Triassic of the United States. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 379. doi 10.1144/SP379.7Google Scholar
Weinbaum, J. C. & Hungerbühler, A. 2007. A revision of Poposaurus gracilis (Archosauria, Suchia) based on two new specimens from the Late Triassic of the southwestern U.S.A. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 81 (2), 131–45.Google Scholar
Westphal, F. 1976. Phytosauria. In Kuhn, O. (ed) Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie: Thecodontia, 99–120. Stuttgart & New York: G. Fischer.Google Scholar
Williston, S. W. 1925. The osteology of the reptiles. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 300 pp.Google Scholar
Wilson, J. A. 1948. A small amphibian from the Triassic of Howard County, Texas. Journal of Paleontology 22 (3), 359–61.Google Scholar
Witmer, L. M. 1991. Perspectives on avian origins. In Schultze, H.-P. & Trued, L. (eds) Origins of the Higher Groups of Tetrapods, 427–66. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Witmer, L. M. 2001. The role of Protoavis in the debate on avian origins. In Gauthier, J. A. & Gall, L. F. (eds) New perspectives on the Origin and Early Evolution of Birds: Proceedings of an International Origin in Honor of John H. Ostrom, 537–48. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Witmer, L. M. 2002. The debate on avian ancestry: phylogeny, function, and fossils. In Chiappe, L. M. & Witmer, L. M. (eds) Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of the Dinosaurs, 3–30. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Yates, A. M. & Warren, A. A. 2000. The phylogeny of “higher” temnospondyls (Vertebrata: Choanata) and its implications for the monophyly and origins of the Stereospondyli. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 128 (1), 77–121.Google Scholar
Zanno, L. E., Heckert, A. B., Krzyzanowski, S. E. & Lucas, S. G. 2002. Diminutive metoposaurid skulls from the Upper Triassic Blue Hills (Adamanian: latest Carnian) of Arizona. In Heckert, A. B. & Lucas, S. G. (eds) Upper Triassic Stratigraphy and Paleontology. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 21, 121–25. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 301 pp.Google Scholar
Zittel, K. A. v. 1887–1890. Handbuch der Palaeontologie. 1. Abteilung: Paläozoologie, Band 3. München: R. Oldenbourg. 719 pp.Google Scholar