Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T05:37:04.010Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Revision of the fossil ricinuleids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2011

Paul A. Seiden
Affiliation:
University of Manchester Department of Geology, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.

Abstract

The fossil ricinuleids are described, and their systematic relationships revised, based on a study of all British and American specimens. Phylogenetic analysis, utilising a new character set, indicates a probable basal dichotomy between the fossil and extant forms. The order is divided into two new suborders: Neoricinulei subordo, nov., for the extant genera, and Palaeoricinulei subordo. nov., for the fossil forms. Two new genera are erected: Amarixys gen. nov. for Curculioides gracilis (Petrunkevitch, 1945) and A. stellaris sp. nov., and Terpsicroton gen. nov. for Poliochera alticeps Pocock, 1911. Three new species are erected in the genus Curculioides: C. mcluckiei sp. nov., C. pococki sp. nov., and C. gigas sp. nov., and one in the genus Poliochera: P. gibbsi, sp. nov.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alberti, G. & Palacios-Vargas, J. G. 1984. Fine structure of spermatogenesis and mature spermatozoa in Cryptocellus boneti Bolivar y Pieltain, 1941 (Arachnida, Ricinulei). ULTRASTRUCT RES 87, 112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armas, L. F. de, 1976. Nota sobre los huevos de Cryptocellus cubanicus Dumitrescu et Juvara-Bals (Arachnida: Ricinulei). MISC ZOOL 4, 1.Google Scholar
Beck, L. & Schubart, H. 1968. Revision der Gattung Cryptocellus Westwood, 1874 (Arachnida: Ricinulei), SENCKENB BIOL 49, 6778.Google Scholar
Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1941. Estudio de un Ricinuleido de la caverno de Cacahuamilpa, Guerrero, México (Arachnida). REV SOC MEX HIST NAT 2, 197210.Google Scholar
Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1946. Hallazgo de un nuevo Ricinuleido en el México Central (Arachnida). CIENCIA 7, 24–8.Google Scholar
Brauckmann, C. 1987. Neue Arachniden (Ricinuleida, Trigonotar-bida) aus dem Namurium B von Hagen-Vorhalle (Ober-Karbon; West-Deutschland). DORTMUND BEITR LANDESKD NATURWISS MITT 21, 97109.Google Scholar
Brauckmann, C. 1991. Arachniden und Insekten aus dem Namurium von Hagen-Vorhalle (Ober-Karbon; West-Deutschland). VEROFFENTL FUHLROTT-MUS 1, 1275.Google Scholar
Brignoli, P. M. 1973. On some Ricinulei of Mexico with notes of the morphology of the female genital apparatus (Arachnida, Ricinulei). ACAD NAZ LINCEI, QUAD 171, 153–74.Google Scholar
Buckland, W. 1837. The Bridgewater treatises on the power, wisdom and goodness of God as manifested in the creation. Treatise IV. Geology and mineralogy considered with reference to natural theology. 2nd Edn.London: William Pickering.Google Scholar
Cockerell, T. D. A. 1916. Note. [Curculioididae nom. nov. for Holotergidae Petrunkevitch, 1913]. J WASHINGTON ACAD SCI 6, 236.Google Scholar
Cooke, J. A. L. 1967. Observations on the biology of Ricinulei (Arachnida) with descriptions of two new species of Cryptocellus. J ZOOL 151, 3142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooke, J. A. L. 1972. A new species of Cryptocellus (Arachnida: Ricinulei) from Cuba. J NEW YORK ENT SOC 80, 146–51.Google Scholar
Cooke, J. A. L. & Shadab, M. U. 1973. New and little known ricinuleids of the genus Cryptocellus (Arachnida, Ricinulei). AM MUS NO VIT 2530, 125.Google Scholar
Coronado Gutierrez, L. 1970. Estudio de un Cryptocellus de cavernas de Mexico. CIENCIA 27, 4762.Google Scholar
Dubinin, V. B. 1962. Class Acaromorpha: mites or gnathosomic chelicerate arthropods. In Rodendorf, B. B. (ed.). Fundamentals of paleontology, 447–73. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR. [In Russian].Google Scholar
Dumitrescu, M. & Juvara-Bals, I. 1973. Cryptocellus cubanicus n. sp. (Arachnida-Ricinulei). RESULT EXPED BIOSPELEOL CUBANO-ROM CUBA BUCAREST.Google Scholar
Dumitrescu, M. & Juvara-Bals, I. 1977. Position systématique de Heteroricinoides bordoni n.g. n.sp. dans le fam. Ricinuleidae. BOL SOC VENEZ ESPELEOL 714.Google Scholar
Ewing, H. E. 1929. A synopsis of the American arachnids of the primitive order Ricinulei. ANN ENT SOC AM 22, 583600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finnegan, S. 1935. Rarity of the archaic arachnids Podogona (sRicinulei). NATURE 36, 186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fritsch, A. 1904. Palaeozoische Arachniden. Prague: A. Fritsch.Google Scholar
Gertsch, W. J. 1971. Three new ricinuleids from Mexican caves (Arachnida, Ricinulei). BULL ASS MEX CAVE STUD 4, 127–35.Google Scholar
Goodnight, C. J. & Goodnight, M. L. 1952. A new ricinulid from Chiapas, Mexico (Arachnoidea, Ricinulei). AM MUS NOVIT 1583, 15.Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. 1975. Ontogeny and phytogeny. Harvard: Belknap Press.Google Scholar
Guérin-Méneville, M. 1838. Note sur l'Acanthodon et sur le Cryptostemme, nouveaux genres d'Arachnides. REV ZOOL SOC CUVIER 1, 1012.Google Scholar
Hammen, L. van der, 1979. Comparative studies in Chelicerata I. The Cryptognomae (Ricinulei, Architarbi and Anactino-trichida). ZOOL VERH 174, 162.Google Scholar
Hammen, L. van der, 1989. Introduction to comparative arachnology. The Hague: SPB Academic Publishing.Google Scholar
Hansen, H. J. 1921. Studies on Arthropoda 1. The Pedipalpi, Ricinulei and Opiliones excluding Laniatores collected by Mr Leonardo Fea in tropical West Africa and adjacent islands. Copenhagen: Glydendalske Boghandel.Google Scholar
Hansen, H. J. & Sørensen, W. 1904. On two orders of Arachnida. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 182 pp., 9 pls.Google Scholar
Kennaugh, J. H. 1968. An examination of the cuticle of three species of Ricinulei (Arachnida). J ZOOL 156, 393404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langford, G. 1963. The Wilmington coal fauna and additions to the Wilmington coal flora from a Pennsylvanián deposit in Will County, Illinois, 2nd Edn.Illinois: Esconi Associates.Google Scholar
Laurentiaux-Vieira, F. & Laurentiaux, D. 1963. Sur quelques restes nouveaux d'Arachnides du terrain houiller. ANN SOC GEOL NORD 83, 23–9.Google Scholar
Legg, G. 1976a. The external morphology of a new species of ricinuleid (Arachnida) from Sierra Leone. ZOOL J LINN SOC 59, 158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Legg, G. 1976b. The external morphology of immature stages of Ricinoides karschi (Arachnida: Ricinulei). BULL BR ARACHNOL SOC 3, 243–8.Google Scholar
Legg, G. 1977a. Two new ricinuleids from W. Africa (Arachnida: Ricinulei) with a key to the adults of the genus Ricinoides. BULL BR ARACHNOL SOC 4, 8999.Google Scholar
Legg, G. 1977b. The status of Ricinoides plebejus and a note on R. afzelii (Arachnida: Ricinulei). BULL BR ARACHNOL SOC 4, 124–5.Google Scholar
Legg, G. 1977c. Sperm transfer and mating in Ricinoides hansenii (Ricinulei: Arachnida). J ZOOL 182, 5161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Legg, G. 1982. Some Ricinulei (Arachnida) from Ivory Coast, including a new species and a note on the immature stages of Ricinoides westermanni (Hansen & Sørensen). REV SUISSE ZOOL 89, 287–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maddison, W. P. & Maddison, D. R. 1987. MacClade, version 2.1. [A phylogenetics program for the Apple Macintosh computer, distributed by the authors at: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA].Google Scholar
Márquez Mayaudon, C. & Ramos Elorduy de Conconi, J. 1974. Un nuevo ricinuleido del genero Cryptocellus Westwood para la fauna de Mexico (Arthropoda, Arachnida). J ARACHNOL 1, 7384.Google Scholar
McAtee, W. L. & Malloch, J. R. 1925. Revision of bugs of the family Cryptostemmatidae in the collection of the United States National Museum. PROC US NAT MUS 47 (13), 142.Google Scholar
Melander, A. L. 1903. Some additions to the Carboniferous terrestrial fauna of Illinois. J GEOL 11, 178–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millot, J. 1945a. Les Ricinulei ne sont pas des arachnides primitifs. BULL SOC ZOOL FR 70, 106–8.Google Scholar
Millot, J. 1945b. La constitution de l'abdomen des Ricinulei. BULL SOC ENT FR 50, 72–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millot, J. 1945c. L'anatomie interne des Ricinulei (Arachnides). ANN SCI NAT ZOOL 7, 129.Google Scholar
Mitchell, R. W. 1970. Population size, dispersion and species associations of a Mexican cavernicole ricinuleid. CIENCIA 27, 6374.Google Scholar
Morris, S. F. 1980. Catalogue of the type and figured specimens of fossil Crustacea (excl. Ostracoda), Chelicerata, Myriapoda and Pycnogonida in the British Museum (Natural History), London: British Museum (Natural History).Google Scholar
Nenilin, A. B. 1988. Geographic distribution of Ricinulei (Arachnida). ZOOL ZH 67, 463–6. [In Russian].Google Scholar
Petrunkevitch, A. 1913. A monograph of the terrestrial Palaeozoic Arachnida of North America. TRANS CONNECTICUT ACAD ARTS SCI 18, 1137.Google Scholar
Petrunkevitch, A. 1945. Palaeozoic Arachnida of Illinois. An inquiry into their evolutionary trends. ILLINOIS STATE MUS SCI PAP 3 (2), 172.Google Scholar
Petrunkevitch, A. 1949. A study of Palaeozoic Arachnida. TRANS CONNECTICUT ACAD ARTS SCI 37, 69315.Google Scholar
Petrunkevitch, A. 1953. Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Arachnida of Europe. GEOL SOC AM MEM 53, xi + 128 pp.Google Scholar
Petrunkevitch, A. 1955. Arachnida. P42–P162. In Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Part P. Arthropoda 2. Boulder, Colorado: Geological Society of America and Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press.Google Scholar
Pfefferkorn, H. W. 1979. High diversity and stratigraphie age of the Mazon Creek flora. In Nitecki, M. H. (ed.) Mazan Creek fossils, 129–42. New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pittard, K. & Mitchell, R. W. 1972. Comparative morphology of the life stages of Cryptocellus pelaezi (Arachnida, Ricinulei). GRAD STUD TEXAS TECH UNIV 1, 177.Google Scholar
Platnick, N. I. 1980. On the phylogeny of Ricinulei. In Gruber, J. (ed.) PROC 8TH INT CONGR ARACHNOL VIENNA 1980 349–53.Google Scholar
Platnick, N. I. 1988. A new Cryptocellus (Arachnida: Ricinulei) from Brazil. J NEW YORK ENT SOC 96, 363–6.Google Scholar
Platnick, N. I. & Pass, G. 1982. On a new Guatemalan Pseudocellus (Arachnida, Ricinulei). AM MUS NOVIT 2733, 16.Google Scholar
Platnick, N. I. & Paz, N. 1979. On the Cryptocellus magnus group (Arachnida, Ricinulei). AM MUS NOVIT 2677, 19.Google Scholar
Platnick, N. I. & Shadab, M. U. 1976. On Colombian Cryptocellus (Arachnida, Ricinulei). AM MUS NOVIT 2605, 18.Google Scholar
Platnick, N. I. & Shadab, M. U. 1977. On Amazonian Cryptocellus (Arachnida, Ricinulei). AM MUS NOVIT 2633, 117.Google Scholar
Platnick, N. I. & Shadab, M. U. 1981a. On the Cryptocellus centralis group (Arachnida, Ricinulei). BULL AM MUS NAT HIST 170, 1822.Google Scholar
Platnick, N. I. & Shadab, M. U. 1981b. On Central American Cryptocellus (Arachnida, Ricinulei). AM MUS NOVIT 2711, 113.Google Scholar
Pocock, R. I. 1902. Eophrynus and allied Carboniferous Arachnida. Part 1. GEOL MAG DEC 49, 439–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pocock, R. I. 1911. A monograph of the terrestrial Carboniferous Arachnida of Great Britain. MONOGR PALAEONTOGR SOC 64, 184CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollock, J. 1966. Secret life of the ricinulid. ANIMALS 8, 402–5.Google Scholar
Pollock, J. 1967. Notes on the biology of Ricinulei (Arachnida). J WEST AFR SCI ASSOC 12, 1922.Google Scholar
Prestwich, J. 1834. On some of the faults which affect the coalfield of Coalbrookdale. LONDON EDINBURGH PHILOS MAG 4, 375–6.Google Scholar
Prestwich, J. 1840. On the geology of Coalbrookdale. TRANS GEOL SOC LONDON 2ND SER 5, 413–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, E. S. & Johnson, R. G. 1971. The Mazon Creek faunas. PROC NORTH AM PALEONTOL CONV 1969 1, 1222–35.Google Scholar
Schram, F. R. 1979. British Carboniferous Malacostraca. FIELDIANA GEOL 40, iix + 129 pp.Google Scholar
Scotese, C. R., Bambach, R. K., Barton, C., van der Voo, R. & Ziegler, A. M. 1979. Paleozoic base maps. J GEOL 87, 217–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scudder, S. H. 1884. A contribution to our knowledge of Paleozoic Arachnida. PROC AM ACAD ARTS SCI 20, 1522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scudder, S. H. 1886. Systematic review of our present knowledge of fossil insects, myriapods and arachnids. US GEOL SURV BULL 31.Google Scholar
Scudder, S. H. 1890. Illustrations of the Carboniferous Arachnida of North America, of the orders Anthracomarti and Pedipalpi. MEM BOSTON SOC NAT HIST 4, 443–56, pls 39, 40.Google Scholar
Selden, P. A. 1986a. The fossil ricinuleids. PROC NINTH INT CONGR ARACHNOL PANAMA 1983 326.Google Scholar
Selden, P. A. 1986b. Ricinuleids: living fossils? ACTAS X CONGR INT ARACNOL JACA ESPANA 1986 1, 425.Google Scholar
Selden, P. A. & Jeram, A. J. 1989. Palaeophysiology of terrestrialisation in the Chelicerata. TRANS R SOC EDINBURGH: EARTH SCI 80, 303–10.Google Scholar
Selden, P. A. & Romano, M. 1983. First Palaeozoic arachnid from Iberia: Aphantomartus areolatus Pocock (Stephanian; Prov. Leon, N.W. Spain), with remarks on aphantomartid taxonomy. BOL INST GEOL MINERAL ESPANA 94, 106–12.Google Scholar
Selden, P. A. & Siveter, D. J. 1987. The origin of the limuloids. LETHAEA 20, 383–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorell, T. 1876. Sopra alcuni Opilioni (Phalangidea) d'Europa e dell'Asia occidentale, con un quadro dei generi europei di quest'ordine. ANN MUS CIV STOR NAT GIACOMO DORIA GENOVA SER 1 8, 452508.Google Scholar
Thorell, T. 1892. On an apparently new arachnid belonging to the family Cryptostemmoidae, Westw. BIH K SVEN VETENSKAPSAKAD HANDL 17, 118.Google Scholar
Torrens, H. S. 1981. The Reynolds-Anstice Shropshire geological collection—200 years of history and its lessons. In Wheeler, A. & Price, J. H. (eds). History in the service of systematics, 3741. London: Society for the Bibliography of Natural History.Google Scholar
Torrens, H. S. 1982. The Reynolds-Anstice Shropshire geological collection, 1776–1981. ARCH NAT HIST 10, 429–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuxen, S. L. 1974. The African genus Ricinoides (Arachnida, Ricinulei). J ARACHNOL 1, 85106.Google Scholar
Westwood, J. O. 1874. Thesaurus Entomologicus Oxoniensis. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Wiley, E. O. 1981. Phylogenetics: the theory and practice of phylogenetic systematics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Google Scholar
Woodland, B. G. 1985. The fabric of the clastic component of Carboniferous concretions and their enclosing matrix. IXTH INT CONGR CARBONIF STRATIGR GEOL.Google Scholar
Woodland, B. G. & Stenstrom, R. C. 1979. The occurrence and origin of siderite concretions in the Francis Creek Shale (Pennsylvanián) of northeastern Illinois. In Nitecki, M. H. (ed.) Mazon Creek fossils, 69103. New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodward, H. 1872. On a new fossil arachnid from the Coal Measures of Lancashire. GEOL MAG DEC 1 9, 383–7.Google Scholar