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Diplodoselache woodi gen. et sp. nov., an early Carboniferous shark from the Midland Valley of Scotland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2011

John R. F. Dick
John R. F. Dick
Affiliation:
25 Harington Green, Formby, Liverpool L37 1 PN, England.
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Abstract

A new fossil elasmobranch from the Lower Carboniferous Oil Shale groups (Viséan) of the Edinburgh area shows a mosaic of characters typical of at least two groups of early sharks. Its most distinctive feature is the small bicuspid teeth of “Diplodus” type. This, together with the long dorsal fin and the structure of the single, shallowly inserted dorsal spine, form a suite of characters previously considered unique to late Palaeozoic xenacanth sharks. Other features, such as the large equilobate tail and the structure of the pectoral fins, may have been retained from an ancestor of a more typical Palaeozoic elasmobranch appearance found in anacanthous and ctenacanth sharks. It is suggested that the xenacanths evolved from an ancestor within the anacanth-ctenacanth assemblage early in Carboniferous times and became adapted to a freshwater environment. This ancestor probably possessed a complex dermal skeleton including growing scales with both thickened and thin concave bases.

The fauna of the fish-bearing nodules amongst which this shark has been found is interpretedas being lagoonal in origin. The shark was probably a medium sized (c. 0·75–2·0 m lng)predator inhabiting the surface waters of the lagoon.

Keywords

ElasmobranchiiXenacanthiformesViséanCalciferous Sandstone Seriesskeletal anatomy
Type
Research Article
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 72 , Issue 2 , 1981 , pp. 99 - 113
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1981

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