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CONSTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND THE DECISION TO PURSUE BUSINESS OWNERSHIP

Industry Choice among African American Owners of Small Businesses1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2013

Timothy Bates  and
Stephen Tuck
Timothy Bates*
Affiliation:
Department of Economics, Wayne State University
Stephen Tuck
Affiliation:
Pembroke College, University of Oxford
*
*Corresponding author: Timothy Bates, 204 Cherokee Road, Asheville, NC 28804. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Abstract

The choice between working as an employee and owning a business is shaped by constraints and opportunities. Among African Americans, understanding why the entrepreneurial path is chosen requires evaluating not only the relative importance of constraints pushing workers toward self-employment versus opportunities pulling entrants into firm ownership, but, more fundamentally, the changing opportunity structures shaping occupational choices. This study focuses on the 1960s and 1970s period when specific constraints historically limiting entrepreneurial alternatives began to change dramatically. Findings indicate that expanding opportunities sharply altered the industry composition of the Black business community.

Because economists view the decision to enter into business ownership as an exercise in freedom of choice made on the basis of one’s preferences, they tend not to appreciate that these decisions are made in specific socio-economic contexts and that changes in context matter. Facing altered opportunity structures, prospective Black entrepreneurs have often chosen to abandon fields offering low remuneration—particularly personal services—entering instead into higher yielding fields where creation of viable firms requires investment of capital by owners possessing appropriate expertise. This transformation has remolded the stagnant business community of the mid-1960s into a profoundly different, more dynamic one.

Keywords

Black EntrepreneurshipBusiness CreationBarriersAccess to Capital
Type
State of the Art
Information
Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race , Volume 11 , Issue 2 , Fall 2014 , pp. 233 - 252
Copyright
Copyright © Hutchins Center for African and African American Research 2014 

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