Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T10:41:28.708Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Implementation of Evidence-based Humanitarian Programs in Military-led Missions: Part II. The Impact Assessment Model

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2013

Erik J. Reaves ,
Kenneth W. Schor  and
Frederick M. Burkle Jr
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Department of Defense does not implement health-sector humanitarian assistance impact assessments to complement those of the international humanitarian aid community. This oversight fails to meet the recent Department of Defense Directive 3000.05 mandate calling for the application of measures of effectiveness. The decision by the Department of Defense to incorporate humanitarian assistance in stability operations should be supported by evidence-based impact assessments. This article proposes implementation of an impact assessment model in Department of Defense humanitarian assistance operations. The use of an impact assessment model will refocus previously identified information gaps from traditional military input-output management toward a greater emphasis on outcomes. This will help answer which humanitarian activities are successful, which are not, and why. Over time, the use of an impact assessment model will ensure that the Department of Defense and its operational units are learning as an organization while applying evidence-based lessons learned to future stability operations. Most important, the use of this model will both provide better understanding of the role that the Department of Defense has in humanitarian activities and help interpret and transfer these activities to the host nation and international aid community in a timely and efficient manner. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2:237–244)

Keywords

humanitarian assistancecivil–military coordinationmilitary medical missionsstability operationsdisaster evaluation and monitoringmeasures of effectiveness
Type
Original Research and Critical Analysis
Information
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness , Volume 2 , Issue 4 , December 2008 , pp. 237 - 244
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Inc. 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Reaves, EJ, Schor, KW, Burkle, FM. The implementation of evidence-based humanitarian programs in military-led missions: Part I. Qualitative gap analysis of current military and international aid programs. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2008; 2: 230–236.Google Scholar
2. United States Department of Defense Directive 3000.05 Military Support for Stability, Security, Transition, and Reconstruction (SSTR) Operations. http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/300005p.pdf. Accessed October 10, 2006.Google Scholar
3. The National Military Strategy of the United States of America. http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Mar2005/d20050318nms.pdf. Accessed August 9, 2008.Google Scholar
4. Quadrennial Defense Review Report. http://www.defenselink.mil/qdr/report/Report20060203.pdf. Accessed August 9, 2008.Google Scholar
5.Burkle, FM, Hayden, R. The concept of assisted management of large-scale disasters by horizontal organizations. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2001; 16: 128–137.Google Scholar
6.Burkle, FM, McGrady, KAW, Newett, SL, et alComplex, humanitarian emergencies: III. Measures of effectiveness. Prehosp Disaster Med. 1995; 10: 48–56.Google Scholar
7. Hofmann CA, Roberts L, Shoham J, et al. Measuring the Impact of Humanitarian Aid: A Review of Current Practice. Humanitarian Policy Group Research Briefing Web site. http://www.odi.org.uk/hpg/papers/hpgbrief15.pdf. Accessed November 21, 2006.Google Scholar
8. Kusek JZ, Rist RC. Ten Steps to a Results-Based Monitoring and Evaluation System. The World Bank Web site. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/23/27/35281194.pdf. Accessed December 10, 2006.Google Scholar
9.MacMillan, DS. Model describing the effect of employment of the United States military in a complex emergency. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2005; 20: 282–289.Google Scholar
10. Evaluating Humanitarian Action Using the OECD-DAC Criteria. ALNAP Overseas Development Institute Web site. http://www.odi.org.uk/alnap/publications/eha_dac/pdfs/eha_2006.pdf. Accessed November 23, 2006.Google Scholar
11. Guidance on Evaluation and Review for DFID Staff. Department For International Development Web site. http://www.dfid.gov.uk/aboutdfid/performance/files/guidance-evaluation.pdf. Accessed November 23, 2006.Google Scholar
12.Drifmeyer, J, Llewellyn, C. Toward more effective humanitarian assistance. Mil Med. 2004; 169: 161–168.Google Scholar
13.Drifmeyer, J, Llewellyn, C. Military training and humanitarian and civic assistance. Mil Med. 2004; 169: 23–29.Google Scholar
14.Roche, C. Impact Assessment for Development Agencies: Learning to Value Change. Cowley, UK: Oxfam GB 1999 .Google Scholar
15. Kirkpatrick C, Hulme D. Basic Impact Assessment at Project Level. http://www.enterprise-impact.org.uk/pdf/CoreText1.pdf. Accessed December 10, 2006.Google Scholar
16. Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results-Based Management. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/Development Assistance Committee. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/29/21/2754804.pdf. Accessed November 23, 2006.Google Scholar
17. Kellogg WK. Logic Model Development Guide. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Web site. http://www.wkkf.org/Pubs/Tools/Evaluation/Pub3669.pdf. Accessed December 11, 2006.Google Scholar
18. Hulme D. Impact Assessment Methodologies for Microfinance: A Review. http://www.microfinancegateway.org/files/1226_01226.pdf. Accessed December 11, 2006.Google Scholar
19. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Handbook for Emergencies, Third Edition. http://www.the-ecentre.net/resources/e_library/doc/ThirdEdition.pdf. Accessed August 14, 2008.Google Scholar
20. Guidance for Evaluating Humanitarian Assistance in Complex Emergencies. Development Assistance Committee/Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. http://www.the-ecentre.net/resources/e_library/doc/OECD.pdf. Accessed December 11, 2006.Google Scholar
21. Field Operations Guide for Disaster Assessment and Response. United States Agency for International Development/Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance Web site. http://www.usaid.gov/policy/ads/200/fog_v3.pdf. Accessed December 11, 2006.Google Scholar
22.Roberts, L, Hofmann, CA. Assessing the impact of humanitarian assistance in the health sector. Emerging Themes Epidemiol. 2004; 1: 3.Google Scholar
23. Binnendijk A. Results Based Management in the Development Cooperation Agencies: A Review of Experience. Paper prepared for OECD/DAC Working Party on Aid Evaluation. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/16/25/1886519.pdf. Accessed December 15, 2006.Google Scholar
24.Mock, N, Garfield, R. Health tracking for improved humanitarian performance. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2007; 22: 377–383.Google Scholar
25. Henghuber H. The Humanitarian Space in Peril—How Do Recent Political Developments Challenge The Work of International Relief NGOs? The Fletcher School Tufts University Web site. http://fletcher.tufts.edu/research/2004/Henghuber-Heinz.pdf. Accessed January 5, 2008.Google Scholar
26. Bonventre G. Monitoring and evaluation of Department of Defense humanitarian assistance programs. Mil Rev. 2008;January–February: 66–72.Google Scholar
27. Monitoring and Evaluation of Department of Defense Humanitarian Assistance Programs: Conference Report Executive Summary. The Secretary of Defense Partnership Strategy Office, The Pentagon, Washington DC. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/aideffectiveness/rc/filedownload.do?itemId=1134817. Accessed February 20, 2008.Google Scholar
28.Drifmeyer, J, Llewellyn, C. Overview of overseas humanitarian, disaster, and civic aid Programs. Mil Med. 2003; 168: 975–980.Google Scholar
29. United Nations Millennium Declaration: Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). United Nations—Official Records of the Secretary Council. http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.pdf. Accessed January 28, 2007.Google Scholar
30. Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (GFATM). http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/files/publicdoc/Framework_uk.pdf. Accessed January 12, 2007.Google Scholar
31. International Health Regulations, WHA 58.3. 2005 World Health Assembly of the World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/csr/ihr/WHA58-en.pdf. Accessed August 14, 2008.Google Scholar
32.Wilson, D. Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response. Cowley, UK: The Sphere Project/Oxfam GB 2004 .Google Scholar
33. Measuring Mortality, Nutritional Status, and Food Security in Crisis Situations: SMART Methodology. http://www.smartindicators.org/SMART_Protocol_01-27-05.pdf. Accessed February 2, 2007.Google Scholar
34. Wold Bank Performance Monitoring Indicators: A Handbook for Task Managers. http://www.worldbank.org/html/opr/pmi/maintxt.html. Accessed February 3, 2007.Google Scholar
35. Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA) Title II Indicator Guides. http://www.fantaproject.org/publications/home_title2indguides.shtml. Accessed February 3, 2007.Google Scholar