Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T10:52:53.128Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Subacute Phase After an Earthquake: An Even More Important Period

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2019

Ping Gao  and
Yun-Dou Wang
Ping Gao
Affiliation:
Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, China Teaching and Research Section of Health Education, Logistics of College of CAPF (the Chinese Armed Police Force), Tianjin, China
Yun-Dou Wang*
Affiliation:
Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, China
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to Yun-Dou Wang, 106 Wandong road, Hedong district, Tianjin, China (e-mail: [email protected]).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An earthquake is a very common natural disaster. Numerous studies have focused on the acute phase, but studies concerning the subacute phase after an earthquake were very limited. This aroused more attention being paid to medical relief in the subacute phase, and this study elaborated on the division of the medical relief period and the definition of medical relief targets. More importantly, major types of disease were analyzed by reviewing the relevant published studies, which were identified by searching electronic databases. Findings suggested that the clear division of medical relief stage is vital for determining the priority of medical aid and allocating medical resources scientifically, and all concerned populations should be targeted for medical assistance. The focus of acute phase is injury (64.2%), and the subacute phase is disease (27.8% respiratory disease, 22.9% common disease, 12.5% wound/injury, 10.5% skin disease, 8.7% gynecological and pediatric disease, 8.5% digestive disease). However, due to the limited available studies, the included articles perhaps did not reflect the actual proportion of each type of disease. More studies are needed to better understand the proportion of different diseases in each phase of an earthquake.

Keywords

diseaseearthquakemedical reliefsubacute phase
Type
Concepts in Disaster Medicine
Information
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness , Volume 13 , Issue 5-6 , December 2019 , pp. 1011 - 1016
Copyright
Copyright © 2019 Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Inc. 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Basu, M, Ghosh, S, Jana, A, et al. Resource mapping during a natural disaster: a case study on the 2015 Nepal earthquake. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct. 2017;24:24–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamariz, L, Cely, C, Palacio, A. The forgotten need of disaster relief. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2018;12:291–295.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ning, SB. Study on the variation of disease spectrum in the middle and late period of earthquake disaster and its guiding value to medical rescue. J Air Force Gen Hosp. 2008;24:162–164. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Slama, S, Kim, HJ, Roglic, G, et al. Care of non-communicable diseases in emergencies. Lancet. 2017;389:326–330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tominaga, K, Nakano, M, Hoshino, M, et al. Large-scale disaster and gastrointestinal diseases. Clin J Gastroenterol. 2013;6:99–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kobayashi, S, Hanagama, M, Yamanda, S, et al. The impact of a large-scale natural disaster on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the aftermath of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. Respir Investig. 2013;51:17–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Achour, N, Pascale, F, Price, ADF, et al. Learning lessons from the 2011 Van Earthquake to enhance healthcare surge capacity in Turkey. Environ Hazards. 2016;15(1):74–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, HY, Sun, G, Ouyang, C, et al. Phases of earthquake emergency response period. J Catastrophol. 2013;28:166–169. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Liu, JN, Wang, Y, Liu, YB, et al. Significance of the distribution of disease in medical aids after the earthquake disaster. Chin J Crit Care Med. 2008;28:513–514. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Nufer, KE, Wilson-Ramirez, G, Shah, MB, et al. Analysis of patients treated during four disaster medical assistance team deployments. J Emerg Med. 2006;30:183–187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ugawa, Y. Acute phase management for neurological patients in a disaster. J Neurol Sci. 2015;357:e504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, AB, Wang, HY, Hao, QF, et al. Stages of medical rescue after disaster based on clinical features and their significance. Chin J Emerg Med. 2006;15(12):1063–1066. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Lang, T, Schwoebel, V, Diène, E, et al. Assessing post-disaster consequences for health at the population level: experience from the AZF factory explosion in Toulouse. J Epidemiol Comm Health. 2007;61(2):103–107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dominey-Howes, D. Seeing “the dark passenger”– reflections on the emotional trauma of conducting post-disaster research. Emot Space Soc. 2015;17:55–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bentley, MA, Levine, R. A national assessment of the health and safety of emergency medical services professionals. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(Suppl 1):s96–s104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allison, RH, Zachary, C, Rachel, P, et al. Vulnerable, but why? Post-traumatic stress symptoms in older adults exposed to Hurricane Sandy. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2016;10(3):362–370.Google Scholar
Mutch, C. Supporting children and young people’s psychosocial recovery post-disaster: internal and external protective factors. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct. 2015;14:105–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibbs, L, Block, K, Harms, L, et al. Children and young people’s wellbeing post-disaster: safety and stability are critical. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct. 2015;14:195–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelley, AC, David, PE, Blevins, J, et al. Planning for chronic disease medications in disaster: perspectives from patients, physicians, pharmacists, and insurers. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2013;7:257–265.Google Scholar
Ren, JH, Chiang, CL, Jiang, XL, et al. Mental disorders of pregnant and postpartum women after earthquakes: a systematic review. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2014;8(4):315–325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, B, Mao, S, Wu, ZS, et al. Analysis on the spectrum of disease of outpatients in Wenchuan People’s Hospital after earthquake. J Pre Med Inf. 2008;24(11):860–861. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Pan, ZL, Zhang, XM. The law of earthquake disease feature and the sampling of field medical team. Hosp Admin J Chin PLA. 2009;16(4):336–337. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Ma, MX, Guo, P, Xiao, YY, et al. Change of patterns of diseases and medical rescuing measurement after earthquake. J Sun Yat-sen Univ (Med Sci). 2008;29(4):372–374. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Fu, LJ, Pan, H, Huang, WC, et al. Statistical analysis of disease spectrum of outpatients in a post-earthquake relief medical team. Pract J Med Pharm. 2010;27(2):158–159. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Lu, N, Deng, WJ, Cui, B, et al. Efficient and reasonable arrangement and scheduling of medical resources after great earthquake. Mod Hosp. 2012;12(1):107–110. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Li, FX, Xu, ZX, Gao, GM, et al. Change of spectrum of disease regularity and the staging of medical rescue in Wenchuan earthquake area 3 months after disaster. Shandong Med. 2009;49(6):18–20. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Lin, DF, Jin, B, Luo, XP, et al. Analysis of the distribution of diseases in a frontier general hospital in sub-acute period after Wenchuan earthquake. Fudan Univ J (Med Sci). 2009;36(5):553–556. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Dai, Y, Huang, X, Wang, S. Medical rescue of West China hospital medical team to Mianyang City after Wenchuan earthquake. Chin J Evid Based Med. 2008;8(9):713–715. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
He, ZJ, Feng, G, Tang, ZX, et al. Analysis of diseases spectrum of patients after Wenchuan earthquake. Chin J Crit Care Med. 2008;28(9):796–799. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Liu, XJ, Fan, HJ, Che, W, et al. Statistical analysis of category of earthquake related diseases. Chin J Emerg Resusc Disaster Med. 2011;6(2):100–102. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Wang, XB, Zhao, Q, Ren, P. The analysis of temporal changes of disease spectrum in victims after the earthquake. Chin Foreign Med Res. 2014;12(35):111–112. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Yorifuji, T, Sato, T, Yoneda, T, et al. Disease and injury trends among evacuees in a shelter located at the epicenter of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes, Japan. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2017;1:1–8.Google Scholar
Tan, CM, Lee, VJ, Chang, GH, et al. Medical response to the 2009 Sumatra earthquake: health needs in the post-disaster period. Singapore Med J. 2012;53(2):99–103.Google ScholarPubMed
Hung, KK, Lam, EC, Chan, EY, et al. Disease pattern and chronic illness in rural China: The Hong Kong Red Cross basic health clinic after 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Emerg Med Australas. 2013;25(3):252–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gu, JW, Shu, HF, Shen, Y, et al. Comparative analysis on medical rescue performed in Sichuan Lushan and Wenchuan earthquakes by General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region. Chin J Emerg Resusc Disaster Med. 2014;9:12–16. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Ding, H, Fan, HJ, Lv, Q, et al. Analyses of the disease spectrum of children after the Lushan earthquake. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2015;31(7): 496–498.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murakami, A, Sasaki, H, Pascapurnama, DN, et al. Noncommunicable diseases after the Great East Japan Earthquake: systematic review, 2011–2016. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2018;12(3):396–407.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ohkouchi, S, Shibuya, R, Yanai, M, et al. Deterioration in regional health status after the acute phase of a great disaster: respiratory physicians’ experiences of the Great East Japan Earthquake. Respir Investig. 2013;51:50–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bartels, SA, VanRooyen, MJ. Medical complications associated with earthquakes. Lancet. 2012;379:748–757.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tokuda, K, Kunishima, H, Gu, Y, et al. A survey conducted immediately after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake: evaluation of infectious risks associated with sanitary conditions in evacuation centers. J Infect Chemother. 2014;20(8):498–501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kouadio, IK, Aljunid, S, Kamigaki, T, et al. Infectious diseases following natural disasters: prevention and control measures. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2012;10(1):95–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kawano, T, Hasegawa, K, Watase, H, et al. Infectious disease frequency among evacuees at shelters after the Great Eastern Japan earthquake and tsunami: a retrospective study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2014;8(1):58–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Furin, J, Mathew, T. Tuberculosis control in acute disaster settings: case studies from the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2013;7(2):129–130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akbari, ME, Farshad, AA, Asadi-Lari, M. The devastation of Bam: an overview of health issues 1 month after the earthquake. Public Health. 2004;118(6):403–408.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Asokan, GV, Vanitha, A. Disaster response under one health in the aftermath of Nepal earthquake, 2015. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2017;7(1):91–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiwanitkit, V. Vaccination in a post-earthquake crisis. Hum Vaccin. 2010;6(7):595–596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, YZ, Wang, F, Wen, J, et al. Risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after Wenchuan earthquake: a case control study. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):1–7.Google ScholarPubMed
Dai, W, Chen, L, Lai, Z, et al. The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors after earthquakes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1):188–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jia, XM. New perspectives of psychological assistance after earthquake. Chin J Health Psychol. 2009;17(7):882–884. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Zhang, LL, Liu, X, Li, Y, et al. Emergency medical rescue efforts after a major earthquake: lessons from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Lancet. 2012;379(9818):853–861.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Achour, N, Munokaran, S, Barker, F, et al. Staff stress: the sleeping cell of healthcare failure. Procedia Eng. 2018;212:459–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ye, YD. Reflections on problems existing in psychological assistance after Wenchuan earthquake. J Fujian Med Univ (Soc Sci). 2009;10(2):30–35. (In Chinese)Google Scholar