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Some Aspects of African Evolution in the South Sahara

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 July 2024

Extract

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African evolution in the south Sahara traces its origin to very ancient times; it began when the Negroes established friendly or hostile contact with representatives of the Mediterranean and then of the oriental civilizations. From the fifteenth century on, attempts at colonization or penetration helped to accelerate a movement that was to precipitate the two world wars. Thirty years ago, when the so-called colonial problem moved from the national to the international level, these conflicts and their consequences had already given rise overseas to imperious material needs demanding immediate satisfaction as well as to social and political aspirations calling for appropriate reforms. In half a century African evolution had reached the prerevolutionary stage.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1958 Fédération Internationale des Sociétés de Philosophie / International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP)

References

1. Daryll Forde, African World-Studies in the Cosmological Ideas and Social Values of African People (London: Oxford University Press, 1954); A. R. Radcliffe-Brown and Daryll Forde, African Systems of Kinship and Marriage (London: Oxford University Press, 1950); A. Phillips, Survey of African Marriage and Family Life (London: Oxford University Press, 1953).

2. M. Griaule, Dieu d'eau (Paris: Éditions du Chêne, 1948); R. P. Tempels, La Philosophie bantoue (Elisabethville, 1945).

3. Les Structures élémentaires de la Parenté (Bibliothèque de Philosophie Contemporaine [Paris: Presses Universitaires, 1949]).

4. H. Labouret, Les Manding et leur langue (Paris, 1934) and Paysans d'Afrique occidentale (Paris, 1941).

5. Mélanges de sociologie nord-africaine (Paris: Alcan, 1930), p. 83.

6. The Ila Speaking Peoples (London, 1920).

7. It is divided into three parts, and there is a long introduction by A. Phillips: (I) "African Marriage and Social Change," L. P. Mair, professorial lecturer at the University of London; (II) "Lois concernant le mariage en Afrique," A. Phillips, professorial lecturer at the University of London; and (III) "Le Mariage chrétien dans les sociétés africaines," Rev. Lyndon Harries, missionary, professorial lecturer at the School for Oriental Languages of London.

8. The author would have found useful documentation in the publications of the Institut Français at Dakar (Bulletin and Mémoires); in the Bulletins des Territoires de l'Afrique occidentale, in those of Études sénégalaises, éburnéenes, dahoméennes, camerounaises, etc.; in Cahiers interna tionaux de sociologie; Études; Le Monde non-chrétien; etc.

9. M. Leenhardt, "Cérémonie et sceau du mariage," Le Monde chrétien, XV, 321 ff.

10. "The Importance of Sib in the Marriage Ceremonies of the Southeastern Bantu," Asso ciation for the Advancement of Science, XXII (1925), 481.

11. Op. cit., p. 579.

12. H. Labouret, "Situation matérielle, morale, coutumière de la femme dans l'Ouest africain," Africa, XIII, No. 2, 97 ff.

13. J. Binet, French Overseas Administrator, "Aspects actuels du mariage dans le Sud-Cameroun," Bibliothèque penant (Paris), No. III (1952); Sister Marie-André of the Sacred Heart, La Condition humaine en Afrique noire (Paris, 1952).

14. Revenus et niveaux de vie des indig ènes au Maroc: Études économiques et statistiques au Maroc (Paris: Librairie Sirey, 1934).

15. J. Binet, "Budgets familiaux des planteurs de Cacao au Camerous," L'Homme d'Outre-Mer ("Office de la Recherche Scientifique O.-M., Section des Sciences Humaines," No. 3 [Paris, 1956]).