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Society, World-Building and Thing-Making

A Phenomenological Investigation of the Social Process of Constructing a Familiar World

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

W. Kim Rogers

Extract

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An animal enters the world with a set of highly specialized and firmly directed instincts which are correlated with pre-typified situations in the environment. Consequently it lives in a surrounding world, structured by its instinctual inheritance, which is specific to its own particular species and admitting only a limited range of variations within which life for it is possible. Man at birth is, compared to the non-human animal, an unfinished being, and his surrounding world partakes of his unfinished character. It is a world that must be fashioned then by man's own activity; he must make a human world for himself.

Type
Research Article
Information
Diogenes , Volume 22 , Issue 88 , December 1974 , pp. 36 - 49
Copyright
Copyright © 1974 Fédération Internationale des Sociétés de Philosophie / International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP)

References

1 P. Berger, Sacred Canopy, Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, 1966, pp. 5-6.

2 M. Eliade, Sacred and Profane, New York, Harper, 1959, p. 12. Patterns in Comparative Religion, Cleveland, Meridian, 1965, pp. 13-15, 459; G. Van der Leeuw, Religion in Essence and Manifestation, New York, Harper, 1963, Vol. I, Chapter I.

3 M. Eliade, Patterns in Comparative Religion, p. 11.

4 A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, Structure and Function in Primitive Society, Glencoe, Ill., Free Press, 1956, p. 151; cf. E. Erickson, "Development of Ritualization," in Religious Situation 1968, Boston, Beacon Press, 1968. Vide especially pp. 714-715.

5 E. Durkheim, Rules of Sociological Method, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1938, pp. 11-13.

6 P. Berger and T. Luckmann, Social Construction of Reality, Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday, 1967, pp. 54-55.

7 R. Kwant, Encounter, Pittsburgh, Duquesne University Press, 1965, pp. 10-12.

8 Cf., D. Lee, Freedom and Culture, Englewood Cliffs, N. J., Prentice-Hall, 1959, pp. 80, 83.

9 J. Ortega, Some Lessons in Metaphysics, New York, Norton, 1969, p. 111; cf., Man and Crisis, N. Y., Norton, 1958, p. 107.

10 R. Kwant, Encounter, Passem; Phenomenology of Social Existence, Pittsburg, Duquesne University Press, 1965 pp. 83, 85.

11 Cf. K. Mannheim, Ideology and Utopia, New York, Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1936, p. 22.

12 A. Schutz, "Studies in Social Theory," Collected Papers II, The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1964, p. 9.

13 V. G. Childe, Society and Knowledge, New York, Harper and Brothers, 1956, p. 94.

14 M. Harris, Beliefs in Society, London, C. A. Watts, 1968, pp. 71, 72.

15 M. Foucault, The Order of Things, New York, Pantheon Books, 1970, pp. XIX-XXII.

16 R. Redfield, The Primitive World and Its Transformations, Ithaca, N. Y., Cornell University Press, 1953, p. 9.

17 E. Durkheim, Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, London, George Allen and Unwin, 1926, p. 145.

18 V. G. Childe, Society and Knowledge, pp. 85, 86.

19 A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, Structure and Function in Primitive Society, p. 130; F. Cornford, From Religion to Philosophy, New York, Harper and Row, 1957, p. 55; R. Redfield, The Primitive World and Its Transformations, p. 106.

20 A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, Structure and Function in Primitive Society, pp. 10, 11; Method in Social Anthropology, Glencoe, Ill., Free Press, 1956, pp. 174-175.

21 D. Fustel de Coulanges, The Ancient City, Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday, p. 132.

22 D. Lee, Freedom and Culture, pp. 72-76.

23 P. Berger, Sacred Canopy, Chap. I, especially p. 26; T. Luckmann, Invisible Religion, New York, Macmillan Co., 1967, p. 51.

24 E. Rohde, Psyche, New York, Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1925, p. 167; D. Fustel de Coulanges, The Ancient City, pp. 15-18.

25 D. Fustel de Coulanges, The Ancient City, pp. 22-23.

26 Ibid., pp. 35-36.

27 Ibid., pp. 49-51.

28 Ibid., p. 54; A. R. Harrison, Law of Athens, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1968, pp. 82-83, 93; A. R. Burn, World of Hesiod, New York, Benjamin Blom, 1966, pp. 114-117.

29 D. Fustel de Coulanges, The Ancient City, p. 51.

30 A. R. Harrison, Law of Athens, pp. 70-71; cf. Burn, World of Hesiod, p. 122.

31 A. R. Harrison, Law of Athens, p. 75.

32 A. R. Harrison, Law of Athens, p. 123-130.

33 Fustel de Coulanges, The Ancient City, pp. 72-73.

34 V. Ehrenberg, The Greek State, London, Methuen, 1969, p. 10; A. R. Harrison, Law of Athens, p. 124; D. Fustel de Coulanges, The Ancient City, pp. 70-71.

35 V. Ehrenberg, The Greek State, pp. 14-15.

36 Plato, Laws, VIII, 842.

37 D. Fustel de Coulanges, The Ancient City, pp. 41-42.

38 Plato, Laws, V, 729.

39 V. Ehrenberg The Greek State, pp. 11, 14; A. B. Van Groningen, In the Grip of the Past, Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1953, pp. 56-59; E. Voegelin, World of the Polis, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University Press, pp. 115- 116.

40 A. B. Van Groningen, In the Grip of the Past, p. 61.

41 Ibid., pp. 48-49, 61.

42 E. g., in legal usage. Cf. A. R. Harrison, Law of Athens, p. 201.