Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T18:21:39.283Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Persuasion and Propaganda

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Ivana Marková
Ivana Marková*
Affiliation:
University of Stirling
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

This paper aims to show that propaganda and persuasion are underlined by two forms of communication, one aiming at a monologue, and the other aiming at a dialogue, which in practice do often coexist, with one or the other prevailing at a particular time. In order to understand propaganda or persuasion, we need to study them as part of the systems (e.g. institutions, organizations, communication) to which they belong, rather than treat them as decontextualized phenomena. Both propaganda and persuasion involve conscious and unconscious communicative processes. Nevertheless, the majority of social psychology experiments still assume that the experimenter should deal with phenomena only at a conscious level. In dialogical communication, however, latent and unconscious thought, inner dialogue, and ‘the depth of consciousness’, are presupposed to be unavoidable aspects of communication, whether it is concerned with influence processes, persuasion or social representations. They all are established through cultural-historical processes and determine symbolic meanings of social communication of the present and future.

Type
Articles
Information
Diogenes , Volume 55 , Issue 1 , February 2008 , pp. 37 - 51
Copyright
Copyright © ICPHS 2008

References

Anderson, W. (1990) The Green Man: The Archetype of Our Oneness with the Earth. London: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Bakhtin, M.M. (1981) The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays by Bakhtin, M. M.; ed. M. Holquist, transl. C. Emerson and M. Holquist. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Bakhtin, M.M. (1984) Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics, ed. and transl. Emerson, C.. Manchester: Manchester University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakhtin, M.M. (1986) Speech Genres and Other Late Essays, ed. Emerson, C. and Holquist, M, trans. V. W. McGee. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Bakhtin, M.M. (1993) Towards a Philosophy of the Act. Transl. and notes by Vadim Liapunov. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Bartlett, F.C. (1940) Political Propaganda. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Billig, M. (1996) Arguing and Thinking: A Rhetorical Approach to Social Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bruner, J. (1941) ‘The Dimensions of Propaganda ’, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 36: 311–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bühler, K. (1982) ‘The Axiomatization of the Language Sciences’, in Innis, R. E. (ed.), Karl Bühler: Semiotic Foundations of Language Theory. New York and London: Plenum.Google Scholar
Burke, K. (1969) A Rhetoric of Motives. Berkeley and London: SAGE Publications.Google Scholar
Graumann, C.F. (1990) ‘Perspectival Structure and Dynamics in Dialogues ’, in Marková, I. and Foppa, K. (eds), The Dynamics of Dialogue. New York and London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.Google Scholar
Jahoda, A. (1995) ‘Quality of Life: Hope for the Future or an Echo from the Distant Past’, in Markováand, I. Farr, R. (eds), Representations of Health, Illness and Handicap, pp. 205–24. Amsterdam: Harwood.Google Scholar
Jowett, G.S. and O'Donnell, V. (2006) Propaganda and Persuasion, 4th edn. Thousand Oaks and London: SAGE Publications.Google Scholar
Lasswell, H.D. (1927) ‘The Theory of Political Propaganda’, American Political Science Review, 21: 627–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marková, I. (2003) Dialogicality and Social Representations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Moscovici, S. (1979) Psychologie des minorités actives. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.Google Scholar
Moscovici, S. (1980) ‘Towards a Theory of Conversion Behavior’, in Berkowitz, L. (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 13, pp. 209–39. New York and London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Moscovici, S. (1988) La Machine à faire des dieux: sociologie et psychologie. Paris: Fayard. (Transl. W. D. Hall as The Invention of Society. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1993.)Google Scholar
Moscovici, S. (1993) ‘The Return of the Unconscious’, Social Research, 60: 39–93.Google Scholar
Moscovici, S., Lage, E. and Naffrechoux, M. (1969) ‘Influence of a Consistent Minority on the Responses of a Majority in a Color Perception Task’, Sociometry, 32: 365–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moscovici, S. and Marková, I. (2000) ‘Ideas and Their Development: a Dialogue between S. Moscovici and I. Marková’, in Moscovici, S., Social Representations: Explorations in Social Psychology, edited and introduced by Duveen, G.. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Moscovici, S. and Marková, I. (2006) The Making of Modern Social Psychology. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Moscovici, S. and Personnaz, B. (1980) ‘Studies in Social Influence: Minority Influence and Conversion Behavior in a Perceptual Task’, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16: 270–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moscovici, S. and Personnaz, B. (1991) ‘Studies in Social Influence: VI. Is Lenin Orange or Red? Imagery and Social Influence’, European Journal of Social Psychology, 21: 101–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moscovici, S. and Vignaux, G. (1994) ‘Le Concept de Thêmata ’, in Ch. Guimelli, Structures et transformations des représentations sociales, pp. 25–72. Neuchâtel: Delachaux et Niestlé.Google Scholar
Myers, D. (2005) Social Psychology, 8th edn. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Naess, A. (1953) Interpretation and Preciseness: A Contribution to the Theory of Communication. Oslo: Oslo University Press.Google Scholar
Simmel, G. (1950) The Sociology of Georg Simmel, transl., ed. and with an intro by Wolff, K. H.. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Simons, J., ed. (1997) Mansfield Park and Persuasion. Basingstoke: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Stouffer, S. A., Lumsdaine, A. A., Lumsdaine, M. H., Williams, R. M., Smith, M. B., Janis, I. L., Star, S. A. and Cottrell, I. S., eds (1949) The American Soldier: Combat and Its Aftermath. Studies in Social Psychology in World War II, Vol. 2. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Watney, S. (1990) ‘Practices of Freedom: “Citizenship” and the Politics of Identity in the Age of AIDS’, in Rutherford, J. (ed.), Identity: Community, Culture, Difference. London: Lawrence and Wishart.Google Scholar
Weber, M. (1947) The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, transl. T. Parsons. New York: The Free Press. (Orig. pub 1924.)Google Scholar
Whyte, L.L. (1960) The Unconscious Before Freud. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Wolfensberger, W. (1972) Normalization: The Principle of Normalization in Human Services. Toronto: National Institute of Mental Retardation.Google Scholar
Wolfensberger, W. (1983) ‘Social Role Valorization: a Proposed New Term for the Principle of Normalization’, Mental Retardation, 21: 234–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Wolfensberger, W. (1990) ‘The Definition of Normalization’, in Flynn, R. J. and Nitsch, K. E. (eds), Normalization, Social Integration and Community Services. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press.Google Scholar