Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T19:11:46.736Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Multiculturalism, Gender and Political Participation in Morocco

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Moha Ennaji
Moha Ennaji*
Affiliation:
Fès University

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The multiculturalism and multilingualism typical of Moroccan society not only act as a backdrop to women's participation in the public and political arena, but also provide a grid to analyse it. Upper-class women, whose level of education contrasted with very widespread illiteracy among the female population, were responsible for the birth of the modern feminist movement in Morocco in the 1940s. The heirs to historical figures who were prominent in building the nation, they fired the starting gun for women's emancipation. Moroccan women have struggled against colonialism and contributed to the progress of society. Their participation in politics is still limited mainly because of conservative ideas that stand in the way of their entry into political life.

All in all women's emancipation in Morocco has advanced since independence. Because of their fight women's associations, and democratic forces in general, succeeded in bringing about reform of the Mudawana (family code) in 2004. However the choice between modernity and tradition remains a big challenge.

Type
Articles
Information
Diogenes , Volume 57 , Issue 1 , February 2010 , pp. 46 - 57
Copyright
Copyright © ICPHS 2010

References

Ait Sabbah, F. (1986) La Femme dans l’inconscient musulman. Paris: Albin Michel.Google Scholar
Akharbach, Latifa and Rerhaye, Narjis (1992) Femmes et Politique. Casablanca: Le Fennec.Google Scholar
Ashford, D.E. (1961) Political Change in Morocco. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benzakour, F., Gaadi, D. and Queffélec, A. (2000) Le Français au Maroc: Lexique et contacts de langues. Brussels: De Boeck et Larcier /éd. Duculot.Google Scholar
Boukous, A. (1995) Société, langues et cultures au Maroc. Rabat: Publications de la Faculté des Lettres.Google Scholar
Brignon, J. et al. (1967) Histoire du Maroc. Paris: Hatier.Google Scholar
Caubet, D. (1998) ‘Alternance de codes au Maghreb. Pourquoi le français est-il arabisé? ’ Plurilinguismes, 14: 121–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daoud, Z. (1993) Féminisme et politique au Maghreb, 60 ans de lutte. Casablanca: Eddif.Google Scholar
El Khayat, G. (1992) Le Maghreb des femmes. Les Femmes de l’Umma. Casablanca: Eddif.Google Scholar
Ennaji, M. (1991) ‘Aspects of Multilingualism in the Maghreb, ’ International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 87: 7–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ennaji, M. (2002) ‘On the History of North Africa,’ in Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century Africa, ed. by Zeleza, Paul and Eyoh, Dickson. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ennaji, M. (2005) Multilingualism, Cultural Identity, and Gender in Morocco. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Ennaji, M. (ed.) (2007) Société civile, genre et développement. Fès: Publications de l’Université de Fès.Google Scholar
Ennaji, M. (2008a) ‘Steps to the Integration of Moroccan Women in Development,’ British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 35(3): 339–48.Google Scholar
Ennaji, M. (2008b) ‘Representations of Women in Moroccan Arabic and Berber Proverbs,’ International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 190: 167–182.Google Scholar
Ennaji, M. and Sadiqi, F. (2008) Migration and Gende: The Impact on Women Left Behind. Trenton, NJ: Red Sea Press.Google Scholar
Ibn Azzouz-Hakim, Mohammed (1982) ‘Sida Al-Horra Exceptionnelle Souveraine,’ in Le Mémorial du Maroc, p. 128–135. Rabat: Nord Organisation.Google Scholar
Iraqui-Sinaceur, Z. (2002) ‘Le Proverbe et la femme,’ Langues et Linguistique, 9: 11–27.Google Scholar
Kessler, S. and McKenna, W. (1978) Gender: An Ethnomethodogical Approach. Chicago: Chicago University Press. (Lakhtiri, Mustapha) (2002) : Rabat.8-3 (Louh, Amina) (1975): Rabat.164-158 10-9Google Scholar
Mernissi, F. (1990) Sultanes oubliées. Femmes chefs d’état en Islam. Paris: Albin Michel.Google Scholar
Moatassim, A. (1992) Arabisation et langue française au Maghreb. Paris: PUF.Google Scholar
Myers-Scotton, C. (1993) Social Motivations for Code Switching: Evidence from Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rivet, D. (1999) Le Maroc de Lyautey à Mohammed V: le double visage du Protectorat. Paris: Denoël.Google Scholar
Sadiqi, F. (2003) Women, Gender, and Language in Morocco. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sadiqi, F., Noaira, A. El Khouly, N. and Ennaji, M. (2009) Women Writing Africa: The Northern Region. New York: The Feminist Press.Google Scholar
de la Véronne, Chantal (1956) ‘Sîda El-Horra, la Noble Dame,’ Hespéris, 43: 221–225.Google Scholar
Zughoul, M.R. (1978) ‘Lexical Interference of English in Eastern Province Saudi Arabic,’ Anthropological Linguistics, 20(5): 214–225.Google Scholar