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Marxist Sociology and Marxist Ideology
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 July 2024
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We readily use the term Marxism. The assumption underlying the use of this term is that a whole coherent well-knit body of ideas exists forming a system whose guiding principles, at least, were discovered by Karl Marx. This system would embrace, by right if not in fact, the whole body of intellectual, moral and even aesthetic problems that beset mankind. It would introduce a method by which to resolve them, at least to a great extent. Marxist protestations of fidelity to an open concept, according to which much is still to be discovered and even revised, are often contradicted by their opposition in matters of fact to continuation and revision. Consequently, one cannot see what fundamental distinction exists between Marxism and the classic philosophical systems, despite anything Marx and the Marxists may have said against the pretentions of the previous systems of this kind.
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- Copyright © 1968 Fédération Internationale des Sociétés de Philosophie / International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP)
References
1 Deutsche Ideologie from K. Marx, Die Frühschriften, hrsgb. v. Landshut, Stuttgart, Kröner, 1953, p. 350.
2 Ibidem., p. 346. The italic is my own.
3 Here I develop a little further the analyses in my book Islam et Capitalisme, Seuil, 1966, from p. 200.
4 Misère de la philosophie, in K. Marx, Œuvres, Economie, I, éd. M. Rubel, Paris, Gallimard, 1963 (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade), p. 89.
5 Op. cit., p. 90.
6 Op. cit., p. 136.
7 Op. cit., p. 136.
8 K. Marx, F. Engels, Das Kommunistische Manifest, Moskva, Leningrad, Verlagsgenossenschaft ausländischer Arbeiter in der UdSSR, 1935.
9 End of High School essay, MEGA, I 1/2, pp. 164-167.
10 Die Frühschriften, pp. 2, 6; see also for example Kritik der Hegelschen Staatsphilosophie cit., p. 93.
11 Doctorate thesis in Frühschriften, p. 12.
12 Der Brief an den Vater in Frühschriften, p. 8, cf. p. xv.
13 Doctorate thesis in Frühschriften, p. 14.
14 Zur Judenfrage, in K. Marx, F. Engels, Werke, Bd. 1, Berlin, Dietz, 1961, p. 370.
15 Cf. M. Rubel, Karl Marx, essai de biographie intellectuelle, Paris, Rivière, 1957, p. 84.
16 Kritik der Hegelschen Staatsphilosophie, in Frühschriften, p. 97.
17 K. Marx, F. Engels, Briefwechsel, II, Berlin, Dietz, 1949, No. 349, p. 105; Correspondance K. Marx-F. Engels, transl. J. Molitor, IV, Paris, Costes, 1932, No. 308, p. 110; cf. E. Ch. Welskopf, Die Produktionsverhältnisse im Alten Orient und in der Griechisch-Römischen Antike, ein Diskussionsbeitrag, Berlin, Akademie-Verlag, 1957, p. 197.
18 K. Papaioannou, "Marx et le despotisme" (taken from Contrat social, vol. 4, No. 1, Jan. 1960), p. 5.
19 K. Marx, "Marginal notes on Bakunin's Statism and Anarchy" (in Etudes de marxologie 2: Cahiers de l'I.S.E.A., No. 91, Oct. 1959, p. 107-117), p. 113.
20 Cf. K. Papaioannou, "Classe et parti" (taken from Contrat social, vol. 7, No. 5).
21 W. Blumenberg, K. Marx in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten, Reinbeck bei Hamburg, Rowohlt, 1962, p. 122.
22 Cf. K. Papaioannou, "Classe et parti," art. cit.
23 M. Rodinson, "Problématique de l'étude des rapports entre Islam et Com munisme" (in Colloque sur la sociologie musulmane, Actes, 11-14 Sept. 1961, Bruxelles, Centre pour l'étude des problèmes du monde musulman contemporain, 1962; Correspondance d'Orient, No. 5, pp. 119-149), p. 126 f.
24 K. Marx, letter to Ruge, Sept. 1843, in Aus dem literarischen Nachlass von K. Marx u. Fr. Engels, hrsgb. v. Fr. Mehring, I, Berlin u. Stuttgart, Dietz, 1923, p. 382.
25 Cf. M. Rodinson, "Richard Simon et la dédogmatisation," Les Temps mo dernes, No. 202, March 1963, pp. 1700-1709.
26 I dealt with this subject, with reference to Islam, in my books Mahomet, Paris, Club français du livre, 1961; 2nd edition, Paris, Seuil, 1968, and Islam et Capitalisme, Paris, Seuil, 1966.
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