Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T20:50:27.406Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

From Complex System to Integrative Science

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Yoshiaki Ikeda
Yoshiaki Ikeda*
Affiliation:
Shizuoka University
*
Yoshiaki Ikeda, 426-0077 Hujiedashi Surugadai, Shizuoka 3-19-8, Japan. Email: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

This paper aims to introduce my thought as an “anti”-Logocentrism. To begin with, I would like to point out two aspects of this theme. First, even if philosophical thinking is essentially based on logical form, it is sometimes exposed to illogicality. But this illogicality is meaningful. Second, it has to do with differences between Western and my thought. The former respects rational thinking and follows strictly formal logic. It is true that we cannot think without rationality, but when, for example, we deal with complex systems, we cannot follow the law of excluded middle because of the contradictory effects that coexist in interfaces which emerge in complex systems.

In terms of complex systems, it is not acceptable to choose only one possibility and to deny the other. It is not uncommon to see such ambiguous situations, but we often overlook them. These situations are, however, not as disordered as we think, and they can be accepted as they actually are. I refer to such thinking as “passive thinking”. In this way, there are two types of philosophical thinking. One is rational thinking, and the other is passive thinking. The latter stays often in contradiction without following logical form, which occurs in interfaces in complex systems. In such cases, we cannot think rationally, because contradictory effects coexist there. Furthermore, we find there something whole new, namely, “emergent property”; that is just what passive thinking deals with. Since early times, Japanese have attached more importance to passive thinking.

Type
Articles
Information
Diogenes , Volume 57 , Issue 3: Japanese Philosophy Today , August 2010 , pp. 117 - 133
Copyright
Copyright © ICPHS 2011

References

Aizawa, Yoji (2000) Unbroken Wholeness in Nonlinear Systems. Presentation to the International Forum 2000, Hanover World Exhibition.Google Scholar
Antoniou Ioannis, E (2000) Time, Innovation and Complexity. Presentation to the International Forum 2000, Hanover World Exhibition.Google Scholar
Augustine, Saint (1998) The City of God against the Pagans, edited and translated by Dyson, R. W. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge UP.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Descartes, René (1964) Philosophical Essays: Discourse on Method; Meditations; Rules for the Direction of the Mind. Translated by Lafleur, Laurence J. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.Google Scholar
Driebe, Dean J (2000) Complexity, Chaos and our Conception of Nature. Presentation to the International Forum 2000, Hanover World Exhibition.Google Scholar
Heidegger, Martin (2010) Being and Time, translated by Stambaugh, J, with a foreword by Schmid, Dennis J. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Heidegger, Martin (1991–) Nietzsche, translated by Krell, D Farrell. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco.Google Scholar
Ikeda, Yoshiaki (2006) Integrativwissenschaft. Ein Überblick, in 2. Symposium zur Gründung einer Deutsch-Japanischen Akademie für integrative Wissenschaft, pp 59–67. Bonn: J H Röll.Google Scholar
Ikeda, Yoshiaki (2007) Der umgreifende-und-zugleich-umgriffene, in Dynamisches Denken und Handeln. Philosophie und Wissenschaft in einer komplexen Welt. Festschrift für Klaus Mainzer zum 60. Geburtstag. Stuttgart: S. Hirzel.Google Scholar
Ikeda, Y (2008) Nonverbalität und integrative Wissenschaft, in 4. Symposium zur Gründung einer Deutsch-Japanischen Akademie für integrative Wissenschaft, pp. 91–105. Bonn: J H Röll.Google Scholar
Kauffman, Stuart (1995) At Home in the Universe: The Search for Laws of Self-Organization and Complexity. Oxford: Oxford UP.Google Scholar
Kitahara, Kazuo (2000) Fluctuation in Systems far from Equilibrium. Presentation to the International Forum 2000, Hanover World Exhibition.Google Scholar
Mainzer, Klaus (2005a) Was sind komplexe Systeme? Komplexitätforschung als integrative Wissenschaft, http://www.integrative-wissenscha-ft.de/Themen/texte/mainzer-manuskript.pdf.Google Scholar
Mainzer, Klaus (2005b) Symmetry and Complexity: the Spirit and Beauty of Nonlinear Science. Singapore: World Scientific Pub.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mainzer, Klaus (2007) Thinking in Complexity: The computional dynamics of matter, mind, and mankind. Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Mainzer, Klaus (2008) Komplexität. Paderborn: UTB Profile.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholas of Cusa (1954) Of Learned Ignorance, translated by Heron, G. New Haven: Yale UP.Google Scholar
Nishida, Kitarō (1953–55) 場所 in 西田幾多郎全集, 4. Tōkyō: 岩波書店.Google Scholar
Prigogine, Ilya (1980) From Being to Becoming: Time and complexity in the physical sciences. New York: Freeman.Google Scholar
Prigogine, Ilya (1997) The End of Certainty: Time, chaos, and the new laws of nature. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Suzuki, Daisetz (1973) The Shin Sect of Buddhism. Collected Writings on Shin Buddhism. Kyōtō: Shinshū Ōtaniha.Google Scholar
Suzuki, Daisetz (2002) Mysticism, Christian and Buddhist. London: Routledge.Google Scholar