Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T17:36:37.063Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Towards a General Theory of Reduction. Part I: Historical and Scientific Setting

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2010

C.A. Hooker
Affiliation:
University of Newcastle, Australia The University of Western Ontario

Extract

The Three Papers comprising this series, together with my earlier [34] also published in this journal, constitute an attempt to set out the major issues in the theoretical domain of reduction and to develop (tentatively) a general theory of theory reduction. The fourth paper, [34], though published separately from this trio, is integral to the presentation and should be read in conjunction with these papers. Even so, the presentation is limited in scope – roughly, to intertheoretic reduction among empirical theories – and informal in presentation – not least because a satisfying formal account of theories has yet to be offered. And despite the length, the treatment is still condensed; often corroborating and/or intuitively helpful detail has had to be consigned to footnotes or omitted. I approach the problem from within my own naturalistic realist philosophy of science and formal analysis of abstract hierarchy in theory. The sources for the former are [25], [29], [31], and [32] and those for the latter essentially [27] and [30]. Hierarchical notions played a significant role in the already published [34].

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Philosophical Association 1981

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] Adams, E.W. ’The Foundations of Rigid Body Mechanics and the Derivation of its Laws from those of Particle Mechanics” (in) Henkin, L., Suppes, P. and Tarski, A., (eds.) The Axiomatic Method, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1959, pp. 250–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[2] Bohm, D., “Quantum Theory as an lndication of a New Order in Physics. Part A. The Development of New Orders as Shown Through the History of Physics.” Foundations of Physics I, (1971) pp. 359382.Google Scholar
[3] Causey, R., “Uniform Microreductions”. Synthese XXV(1912), pp. 176217.Google Scholar
[4] Causey, R., “Attribute-Identities in Microreductions”, Journal of Philosophy LXIX(1972), pp. 407422.Google Scholar
[5] Causey, R., The Unity of Science, Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1976.Google Scholar
[6] Dreyfus, H., What Computers Can't Do: A Critique of Artificial Reason, New York: Harper and Row, 1972.Google Scholar
[7] Feyerabend, P. K., “Explanation, Reduction and Empiricism”; (in) Feigel, H. and Maxwell, G. (eds.) Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. II, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1962.Google Scholar
[8] Feyerabend, P.K., “Problems of Empiricism”; (in) Colodny, R., (ed.) Pittsburgh Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. II, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1965.Google Scholar
[9] Feyerabend, P.K., “Problems of Empiricism II”; (in) Colodny, R., (ed.) Pittsburgh Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. IV, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1969.Google Scholar
[10] Feyerabend, P.K., “Replies to Criticism”; (in) Cohen, R.S. and Wartofsky, M.W. (eds.), Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. II, New York: Humanities Press, 1965.Google Scholar
[11] Feyerabend, P.K., Against Method, London: New Left Books, 1975.Google Scholar
[12] Fodor, J.A., The Language of Thought, New York: Crowell, 1975.Google Scholar
[13] Friedman, K.S., “A Partial Vindication of Ergodic Theory”, Philosophy of Science 43, (1976) pp. 151162.Google Scholar
[14] Gaa, J., “The Replacement of Scientific Theory: Reduction and Explication”, Philosophy of Science 42, (1975), pp. 349372.Google Scholar
[15] Gottlieb, D., “Ontological Reduction”, The Journal of Philosophy LXXIII (1976), pp. 5776.Google Scholar
[16] Haber, R.N., Information-Processing Approaches to Visual Perception, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969.Google Scholar
[17] Harper, W.L., “Rational Belief Change, Popper Functions and Counterfactu-als”, Synthese 30(1975), pp. 222262.Google Scholar
[18] Harper, W.L., “Conceptual Change Incommensurability and Special Relativity Kinematics”, to appear in Acta Philosophica Fennica.Google Scholar
[19] Harper, W.L. and Hooker, C.A., Foundations of Probability Theory, Statistical Inference and Statistical Theories of Science, Volumes I, II, III. Dor-drecht: D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1973.Google Scholar
[20] Harris, J.H., “On Comparing Theories”, Synthese 32 (1975), pp. 2976.Google Scholar
[21] Hempel, C.G., Aspects of Scientific Explanation, New York: The Free Press, 1965.Google Scholar
[22] Hempel, C.G., “Reduction: Linguistic and Ontological Issues”, (in) Morgen-besser, S., et al. (eds.) Philosophy, Science and Method, New York: St. Martins, 1969.Google Scholar
[23] Holton, G., Thermatic Origins of Scientific Thought, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1973.Google Scholar
[24] Hooker, C.A., “Critical Notice: Against Method, P.K. Feyerabend”, Canadian Journal of Philosophy Vol. I(1972), pp. 489509.Google Scholar
[25] Hooker, C.A., “Empiricism, Perception and Conceptual Change”, Canadian Journal of Philosophy III(1973), PP. 5975Google Scholar
[26] Hooker, C.A., “The Metaphysics of Science: Atoms versus Plena”, International Logic Review 9 (1974), PP. 111146Google Scholar
[27] Hooker, C.A., “Physics and Metaphysics: A Prolegomenon for the Riddles of Quantum Theory”, (in) Hooker, C.A. (ed.) Contemporary Research in the Foundations and Philosophy of Quantum Theory, Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1973CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[28] Hooker, C.A., “The Nature of Quantum Mechanical Reality: Einstein versus Bohr”, (in) R, Colodny. (ed.) Pittsburgh Studies in the Philosophy of Science Vol. V, 1972Google Scholar
[29] Hooker, C.A., “Systematic Realism”, Synthese 26 (1974), PP. 409497.Google Scholar
[30] Hooker, C.A., “Global Theories”, Philosophy of Science 42 (1975), PP. 152179Google Scholar
[31] Hooker, C.A., “Systematic Philosophy and Meta-Philosophy of Science: Empiricism, Popperianand Realism”, Synthese 32 (1975), PP. 177231.Google Scholar
[32] Hooker, C.A., “Methodology” (in) Butts, R.E. and Hintikka, J. (eds.) Proceedings, 5th International Congress on Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, Vol. II, Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1976.Google Scholar
[33] Hooker, C.A., “Sellars and the Elimination of Sense”, Philosophical Studies 32, #4 (1977), PP 335348CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[34] Hooker, C.A., “Critical Notice. R.M. Yoshida: Reduction in the Physical Sciences”, Dialogue XVIII, No. 1 (1979), 8199CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[35] Hooker, C.A. and Suchting, W., “Empirical Reduction”, Mimeograph, Sydney University, 1967Google Scholar
[36] Jammer, M., The Conceptual Development of Quantum Theory, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966Google Scholar
[37] Jammer, M., The Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics, New York: Wiley, 1974Google Scholar
[38] Jubien, M., “Two Kinds of Reduction”, The Journal of Philosophy LXVI (1969), PP. 533541Google Scholar
[39] Kemeny, J.G. and Oppenheim, P., “On Reduction”, Philosophical Studies VII (1956), PP. 617Google Scholar
[40] Leibovic, K.N., Information Processing in the Nervous System, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1969.Google ScholarPubMed
[41] Nagel, E., The Structure of Science, New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1961.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[42] Nagel, E., “Issues in the Logic of Reductive Explanations”, (in) Kiefer, H. and Munitz, M., (eds.) Mind, Science and History, Albany: S.U.N.Y. Press, 1970.Google Scholar
[43] Neisser, U., Cognitive Psychology, New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1967.Google Scholar
[44] Neisser, U., Cognition and Reality, San Francisco: W.H. Freeman, 1976.Google Scholar
[45] Nickles, T., “Two Concepts of Intertheoretic Reduction”, The Journal of Philosophy LXX (1973), PP. 181201Google Scholar
[46] Nickles, T., “Theory Generalizations, Problem Reduction and the Unity of Science” (in) Cohen, R.S., Hooker, C.A., Michalos, A.C., & van Evra, J.W., (eds.) PSA 1974, Dordrecht: Reidel, 1976.Google Scholar
[47] Petersen, A., Quantum Physics and the Philosophical Tradition, Cambridge, Mass. M.I.T. Press, 1968.Google Scholar
[48] Proctor, W.G., “Negative Absolute Temperatures, Scientific American, Vol. 239, 08 1978, 9099CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[49] Putnam, H., “Realism and Reason”, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association, (1977), PP. 483498Google Scholar
[50] Putnam, H., “Models and Reality”, Presidential address, Association for Symbolic Logic, 1977. To appear.Google Scholar
[51] Quine, W.V.O., “Ontological Reduction and the World of Numbers”, The Journal of Philosophy LXI (1964), PP. 209216. Reprinted in The Ways of Paradox, New York: Random House, 1966.Google Scholar
[52] Redhead, M.L.G., “Symmetry inIntertheory Relations”, Synthese 32 (1975), PP. 77112.Google Scholar
[53] Schaffner, K.F., “Approaches to Reduction”, Philosophy of Science 34 (1967), PP. 137147Google Scholar
[54] Schaffner, K.F., “Reductionism in Biology: Prospects and Problems” (in) Cohen, R.S., Hooker, C.A., Michalos, A.C. & van Evra, J.W., (eds.) PSA 1974, Dordrecht: Reidel, 1976.Google Scholar
[55] Schaffner, K.F., “The Unity of Science and Theory Construction in Molecular Biology” (in) Seegar, R.J., and Cohen, R.S., (eds.) Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science Vol. XI, Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1974.Google Scholar
[56] Scriven, M., “Explanations, Predictions and Laws” (in) Feigl, H., & Maxwell, G., (eds.) Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. III, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1962.Google Scholar
[57] Sellars, W., “The Identity Approach to the Mind-Body Problem”, (in) Cohen, R.S. and Wartofsky, M.W. (eds.) Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. II, New York: Humanities Press, 1965.Google Scholar
[58] Sellars, W., Science, Perception and Reality, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1963.Google Scholar
[59] Sellars, W., “Theoretical Explanation” (in) Baumrin, B. (ed.) Philosophy of Science (Delaware Seminar), Vol. 2, New York: Wiley, 1963.Google Scholar
[60] Sklar, L., “Inter-theoretic Reduction in the Natural Sciences”, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton University, 1964.Google Scholar
[61] Sklar, L., “Types of Inter-theoretic Reduction”, British Journalfor the Philosophy of Science XVIII (1967) PP. 109124Google Scholar
[62] Sklar, L., “Thermodynamics, Statistical Mechanics and the Complexity of Reductions” (in) Cohen, R.S., Hooker, C.A., Michalos, A.C. & van Evra, J.W., (eds.) PSA 1974, Dordrecht: Reidel, 1976.Google Scholar
[63] Sklar, L., “Statistical Explanation and Ergodic Theory”, Philosophy of Science 40(1973), 194212Google Scholar
[64] Smart, J.C., “Conflicting Views about Explanation”, (in) Cohen, R.S. and Wartofsky, M.W. (eds.) Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. II, New York: Humanities Press, 1965.Google Scholar
[65] Sneed, J., The Logical Structure of Mathematical Physics, Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1971.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[66] Solso, R.L., (ed.) Theories in Cognitive Psychology, Information Processing and Cognition (The Loyola Symposium, Vols. 2, 3) Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Association, 1974,1975.Google Scholar
[67] Spector, M., “Russell's Maxim and Reduction as Replacement” Synthese 32 (1975) PP. 135176Google Scholar
[68] Stegmuller, W., The Structure and Dynamics of Theories (Wohlhueter, W., trans.), Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1975.Google Scholar
[69] Suppes, P., “What is a Scientific Theory?” (in) Morgenbesser, S., (ed.) Philosophy of Science Today, New York: Basic Books, 1967.Google Scholar
[70] Tharp, L.H., “Ontological Reduction”, The Journal of Philosophy LXVIII (1971)PP. 151164Google Scholar
[71] Tisza, L., “Classical Statistical Mechanics versus Quantal Statistical Thermodynamics: A Study in Contrasts” (in) Harper, W. and Hooker, C.A. (eds.) Foundations of Probability Theory, Statistical Inference and Statistical Theories of Science, Vol. III, Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Co., PP. 208216.Google Scholar
[72] Toulmin, S., Human Understanding, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972.Google Scholar
[73] Wimsatt, W., “Complexity and Organisation” (in) Schaffner, K.S. & Cohen, R.S., (eds.) PSA 1972, Dordrecht: Reidel, 1974.Google Scholar
[74] Wimsatt, W., “Reductive Explanation: A Functional Account” (in) Cohen, R.S., Hooker, C.A., Michalos, A.C. & van Evra, J.W., (eds.) PSA 1974, Dordrecht: Reidel, 1976.Google Scholar
[75] Wimsatt, W., “Reductionism, Levels of Organisation and the Mind-Body Problem” (in) Glebus, G., Maxwell, G. & Savodnik, I. (eds.) Consciousness and the Brain, New York: Plenum Press, 1976.Google Scholar
[76] Winch, P., The Idea of a Social Science, London: Routledge & Regan Paul, 1958.Google Scholar
[77] Yoshida, R.M., Reduction in the Physical Sciences, Philosophy in Canada: A Monograph Series, Halifax, Nova Scotia: Canadian Association for Publishing in Philosophy by Dalhousie University Press, 1977.Google Scholar