Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T16:47:42.438Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Maternal pre- and postnatal substance use and attachment in young children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2021

Noora Hyysalo Open the ORCID record for Noora Hyysalo [Opens in a new window] ,
Marissa Gastelle  and
Marjo Flykt Open the ORCID record for Marjo Flykt [Opens in a new window]
Noora Hyysalo*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
Marissa Gastelle
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
Marjo Flykt
Affiliation:
Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland Faculty of Medicine/Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
*
Author for Correspondence: Noora Hyysalo, Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, Kalevantie 5, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland; E-mail: [email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Maternal substance use has often been associated with insecure and disorganized child attachment. We evaluated this association with a meta-analysis of young children and, further, systematically reviewed mediating and moderating factors between maternal substance use and child attachment. We performed a systematic database search of quantitative English language studies on child attachment that included substance-using mothers and their children below 6 years of age. Eleven studies (N = 1,841) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis of attachment security and seven (N = 1,589) studies were included in the meta-analysis of attachment disorganization. We found that maternal substance use was negatively associated with secure attachment in children, but the effect size was small (r = −.10). The association with disorganized attachment was not significant (r = .15). Related to moderating and mediating factors (k = 6), we found evidence on the role of teratogenic and sociological factors on child attachment. Most importantly, the impact of cumulative risks was vital. However, literature was scarce, and studies varied in risk of bias, leaving many unanswered questions on other potential factors underlying the development of attachment in these high-risk children. We discuss the results considering clinical implications and future directions.

Keywords

attachmentmaternal substance usemeta-analysissystematic reviewyoung children
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 34 , Issue 4 , October 2022 , pp. 1231 - 1248
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References marked with asterisk indicate studies included in the meta-analysis.Google Scholar
Abrams, K. Y., Rifkin, A., & Hesse, E. (2006). Examining the role of parental frightened/frightening subtypes in predicting disorganized attachment within a brief observational procedure. Development and Psychopathology, 18, 345–361. doi:10.1017/S0954579406060184CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. N. (2015/1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. In Classic edition. doi:10.4324/9780203758045 (Original work published 1978).Google Scholar
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Juffer, F. (2003). Less is more: Meta-analyses of sensitivity and attachment interventions in early childhood. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 195–215. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.2.195CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beauchamp, K. G., Lowe, J., Schrader, R. M., Shrestha, S., Aragón, C., Moss, N., … Bakhireva, L. N. (2020). Self-regulation and emotional reactivity in infants with prenatal exposure to opioids and alcohol. Early Human Development, 148, 105119. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105119CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beeghly, M., & Tronick, E. Z. (1994). Effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine in early infancy: Toxic effects on the process of mutual regulation. Infant Mental Health Journal, 15, 158–175.3.0.CO;2-7>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
*Beeghly, M., Frank, D. A., Rose-Jacobs, R., Cabral, H., & Tronick, E. (2003). Level of prenatal cocaine exposure and infant-caregiver attachment behavior. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 25, 23–38. doi:10.1016/S0892-0362(02)00323-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Behnke, M., & Smith, V. C. (2013). Prenatal substance abuse: Short- and long-term effects on the exposed fetus. Pediatrics, 131, e1009–e1024. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-3931CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belt, R. H., Flykt, M., Punamäki, R. L., Pajulo, M., Posa, T., & Tamminen, T. (2012). Psychotherapy groups and individual support to enhance mental health and early dyadic interaction among drug-abusing mothers. Infant Mental Health Journal, 33, 520–534. doi:10.1002/imhj.21348CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
*Bergin, C., & McCollough, P. (2009). Attachment in substance-exposed toddlers: The role of caregiving and exposure. Infant Mental Health Journal, 30, 407–423. doi:10.1002/imhj.20221CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berthelot, N., Ensink, K., Bernazzani, O., Normandin, L., Luyten, P., & Fonagy, P. (2015). Intergenerational transmission of attachment in abused and neglected mothers: The role of trauma-specific reflective functioning. Infant Mental Health Journal, 36, 200–212. doi:10.1002/imhj.21499CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bick, J., Bernard, K., & Dozier, M. (2013). Attachment and biobehavioral catch-up: An attachment-based intervention for substance using mothers and their infants. In Suchman, N. E., Pajulo, M. & Mayes, L. C. (Eds.), Parenting and substance abuse: Developmental approaches to intervention (pp. 303–320). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bøe, T., Sivertsen, B., Heiervang, E., Goodman, R., Lundervold, A. J., & Hysing, M. (2014). Socioeconomic status and child mental health: The role of parental emotional well-being and parenting practices. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42, 705–715. doi:10.1007/s10802-013-9818-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowlby, J. (1999/1969). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (2nd ed). Retrieved from https://mindsplain.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ATTACHMENT_AND_LOSS_VOLUME_I_ATTACHMENT.pdfGoogle Scholar
Canfield, M., Radcliffe, P., Marlow, S., Boreham, M., & Gilchrist, G. (2017). Maternal substance use and child protection: A rapid evidence assessment of factors associated with loss of child care. Child Abuse & Neglect, 70, 11–27. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.05.005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Card, N. A. (2012). Applied Meta-Analysis for Social Science Research. Retrieved from https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=-JsDFrkep0kC&pg=GBS.PP1Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D., Rogosch, F. A., & Toth, S. L. (2006). Fostering secure attachment in infants in maltreating families through preventive interventions. Development and Psychopathology, 18, 623–649. doi:10.1017/S0954579406060329Google ScholarPubMed
Cohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 37–46. doi:10.1177/001316446002000104CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coles, C. D., & Platzman, K. A. (1993). Behavioral development in children prenatally exposed to drugs and alcohol. The International Journal of the Addictions, 28, 1393–1433. doi:10.3109/10826089309062192CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conners, N. A., Bradley, R. H., Mansell, L. W., Liu, J. Y., Roberts, T. J., Burgdorf, K., & Herrell, J. M. (2004). Children of mothers with serious substance abuse problems: An accumulation of risks. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 30, 85–100. doi:10.1081/ADA-120029867CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cyr, C., Euser, E. M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2010). Attachment security and disorganization in maltreating and high-risk families: A series of meta-analyses. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 87–108. doi:10.1017/S0954579409990289CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deeks, J., Higgins, J. P. T., & Altman, D. (2021). Chapter 10: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In Higgins, J. P. T., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M., & Welch, V. (Eds.), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.2 (Updated February 2021). Cochrane. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.Google Scholar
Delker, B. C., Kim, H. K., & Fisher, P. A. (2014). First time's a charm: Maternal problem drinking around the birth of a child in primiparous and multiparous women at risk for child maltreatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 75, 973–981. doi:10.15288/jsad.2014.75.973CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eiden, R. D., Godleski, S., Schuetze, P., & Colder, C. R. (2015). Prenatal substance exposure and child self-regulation: Pathways to risk and protection. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 137, 12–29. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2015.02.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eiden, R. D., Schuetze, P., Shisler, S., & Huestis, M. A. (2018). Prenatal exposure to tobacco and cannabis: Effects on autonomic and emotion regulation. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 68, 47–56. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2018.04.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
*Eiden, R. D., Edwards, E. P., & Leonard, K. E. (2002). Mother–infant and father–infant attachment among alcoholic families. Development and Psychopathology, 14, 253–278. doi:10.1017/S0954579402002043CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellis, B. J., Boyce, W. T., Belsky, J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2011). Differential susceptibility to the environment: An evolutionary- neurodevelopmental theory. Development and Psychopathology, 23, 7–28. doi:10.1017/S0954579410000611CrossRefGoogle Scholar
*Finger, B. (1999). Exploring the Intergenerational Transmission of Attachment Disorganization (Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago, IL, USA).Google Scholar
Fraley, R. C., & Spieker, S. J. (2003). Are infant attachment patterns continuously or categorically distributed? A taxometric analysis of strange situation behavior. Developmental Psychology, 39, 387–404. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.39.3.387Google ScholarPubMed
Funder, D. C., & Ozer, D. J. (2019). Evaluating effect size in psychological research: Sense and nonsense. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 2, 156–168. doi:10.1177/2515245919847202CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gautam, P., Warner, T. D., Kan, E. C., & Sowell, E. R. (2015). Executive function and cortical thickness in youths prenatally exposed to cocaine, alcohol and tobacco. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 16, 155–165. doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.01.010Google ScholarPubMed
Gisev, N., Bell, J. S., & Chen, T. F. (2013). Interrater agreement and interrater reliability: Key concepts, approaches, and applications. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 9, 330–338. doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2012.04.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodman, G. (1991). Identifying Attachment Patterns and Their Antecedents among Opioid-Exposed 12-Month-old Infants (Doctoral dissertation, Retrieved from the Kent State University Interlibrary Loan Department).Google Scholar
Goodman, G., Hans, S. L., & Bernstein, V. J. (2005). Mother expectation of bother and infant attachment behaviors as predictors of mother and child communication at 24 months in children of methadone-maintained women. Infant Mental Health Journal, 26, 549–569. doi:10.1002/imhj.20070CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
*Goodman, G., Hans, S. L., & Cox, S. M. (1999). Attachment behavior and its antecedents in offspring born to methadone-maintained women. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 28, 58–69.Google ScholarPubMed
Granqvist, P., Sroufe, L. A., Dozier, M., Hesse, E., Steele, M., van IJzendoorn, M., … Duschinsky, R. (2017). Disorganized attachment in infancy: A review of the phenomenon and its implications for clinicians and policy-makers. Attachment & Human Development, 19, 534–558. doi:10.1080/14616734.2017.1354040CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Groh, A. M., Fearon, R. P., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Steele, R. D., & Roisman, G. I. (2014). The significance of attachment security for children's social competence with peers: A meta-analytic study. Attachment & Human Development, 16, 103–136. doi:10.1080/14616734.2014.883636CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hakansson, U., Watten, R., Söderström, K., Skårderud, F., Øie, M. G., Håkansson, U., … Øie, M. G. (2018). Adverse and adaptive childhood experiences are associated with parental reflective functioning in mothers with substance use disorder. Child Abuse & Neglect, 81, 259–273. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.05.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haller, D. L., & Miles, D. R. (2003). Victimization and perpetration among perinatal substance abusers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18, 760–780. doi:10.1177/0886260503253239CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haltigan, J. D., Lambert, B. L., Seifer, R., Ekas, N. V., Bauer, C. R., & Messinger, D. S. (2012). Security of attachment and quality of mother-toddler social interaction in a high-risk sample. Infant Behavior & Development, 35, 83–93. doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2011.09.002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrer, M., Cuijpers, P., Furukawa, T. A., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Doing Meta-Analysis in R: A Hands-on Guide. doi:10.5281/zenodo.2551803Google Scholar
Hartung, J., & Knapp, G. (2001). On tests of the overall treatment effect in meta-analysis with normally distributed responses. Statistics in Medicine, 20, 1771–1782. doi:10.1002/sim.791CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hertzman, C. (2012). Putting the concept of biological embedding in historical perspective. PNAS, 109, 17160–17167. doi:10.1073/pnas.1202203109Google ScholarPubMed
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2004). Controlling the risk of spurious findings from meta-regression. Statistics in Medicine, 23, 1663–1682. doi:10.1002/sim.1752CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
IntHout, J., Ioannidis, J. P., & Borm, G. F. B. (2014). The Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method for random effects meta-analysis is straightforward and considerably outperforms the standard DerSimonian-Laird method. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 14, 1–12. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-14-25CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jané-Llopis, E., & Matytsina, I. (2006). Mental health and alcohol, drugs and tobacco: A review of the comorbidity between mental disorders and the use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs. Drug and Alcohol Review, 25, 515–536. doi:10.1080/09595230600944461CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jüni, P., Witschi, A., Bloch, R., & Egger, M. (1999). The hazards of scoring the quality of clinical trials for meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282, 1054–1060. doi:10.1001/jama.282.11.1054CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaltenbach, K. (2013). Bio-Psychosocial characteristics of parenting women with substance use disorder. In Suchman, N. E., Pajulo, M. & Mayes, L. C. (Eds.), Parenting and substance abuse: Developmental approaches to intervention (pp. 185–194). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kelly, K. P. (2003). Ongoing substance abuse and its effect on the attachment quality of toddlers. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 63, 3921.Google Scholar
Kettinger, L. A., Nair, P., & Schuler, M. E. (2000). Exposure to environmental risk factors and parenting attitudes among substance-abusing women. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 26, 1–11. doi:10.1081/ADA-100100586CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, S., Iyengar, U., Mayes, L. C., Potenza, M. N., Rutherford, H. J. V. V., & Strathearn, L. (2017). Mothers with substance addictions show reduced reward responses when viewing their own infant's face. Human Brain Mapping, 38, 5421–5439. doi:10.1002/hbm.23731CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kobak, R., & Bosmans, G. (2019). Attachment and psychopathology: A dynamic model of the insecure cycle. Curr Opin Psychol, 25, 76–80. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.02.018CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Konijnenberg, C. (2015). Methodological issues in assessing the impact of prenatal drug exposure. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, 9, 39–44. doi:10.4137/SART.S23544Google ScholarPubMed
Konijnenberg, C., Sarfi, M., & Melinder, A. (2016). Mother-child interaction and cognitive development in children prenatally exposed to methadone or buprenorphine. Early Human Development, 101, 91–97. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.08.013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koo, T. K., & Li, M. Y. (2016). A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 15, 155–163. doi:10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kühberger, A., Fritz, A., & Scherndl, T. (2014). Publication bias in psychology: A diagnosis based on the correlation between effect size and sample size. PLoS One, 9, 1–9. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105825CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuppens, S., Moore, S. C., Gross, V., Lowthian, E., & Siddaway, A. P. (2019). The enduring effects of parental alcohol, tobacco, and drug use on child well-being: A multilevel meta-analysis. Development and Psychopathology, 1–14. doi:10.1017/S0954579419000749Google Scholar
Landi, N., Montoya, J., Kober, H., Rutherford, H. J. V., Mencl, W. E., Worhunsky, P. D., … Mayes, L. C. (2011). Maternal neural responses to infant cries and faces: Relationships with substance use. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2, 32, 1–13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00032CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Landi, N., Montoya, J., Kober, H., Rutherford, H. J. V., Mencl, W. E., Worhunsky, P. D., … Mayes, L. C. (2013). Correction to “Maternal neural responses to infant cries and faces: Relationships with substance use”. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 3, 115, 1–2. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00115Google Scholar
Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33, 159–174. doi:10.2307/2529310Google ScholarPubMed
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., … Moher, D. (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration. PLoS Medicine, 6, e1000100. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, B., Ostlund, B. D., Conradt, E., Lagasse, L. L., & Lester, B. M. (2018). Testing the programming of temperament and psychopathology in two independent samples of children with prenatal substance exposure. Development and Psychopathology, 30, 1023–1040. doi:10.1017/S0954579418000391CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lipari, R. N., & Van Horn, S. L. (2017). Children living with parents who have a substance use disorder. The CBHSQ Report. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.Google Scholar
Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B.. (2001). Practical meta-analysis. Applied social research methods series Volume 49 (pp. 73–89). Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: SAGE Publications. Calculator available from https://www.campbellcollaboration.org/escalc/html/EffectSizeCalculator-Home.phpGoogle Scholar
Lyons-Ruth, K., Bronfman, E., & Parsons, E. (1999). Atypical attachment in infancy and early childhood among children at developmental risk. Part IV. Maternal frightened, frightening, or atypical behavior and disorganized infant attachment patterns. In Vondra, J. & Barnett, D. (Eds.), Monographs of the society for research in child development (Vol. 64). doi:10.1177/002221949703000506Google Scholar
Madigan, S., Moran, G., & Pederson, D. R. (2006). Unresolved states of mind, disorganized attachment relationships, and disrupted interactions of adolescent mothers and their infants. Developmental Psychology, 42, 293–304. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.293CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Main, M., & Hesse, E. (1990). Parents’ unresolved traumatic experiences are related to infant disorganized attachment status: Is frightened and/or frightening parental behavior the linking mechanism? In Greenberg, M. T., Cicchetti, D., & Cummings, E. M. (Eds.), The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur foundation series on mental health and development. Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention (pp. 161–182). Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1986). Discovery of a new, insecure-disorganized/disoriented attachment pattern. In Yogman, M. & Brazelton, T. B. (Eds.), Affective development in infancy (pp. 95–124). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Google Scholar
Mansoor, E., Morrow, C. E., Accornero, V. H., Xue, L., Johnson, A. L., Anthony, J. C., … Bandstra, E. S. (2012). Longitudinal Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Use on Mother-Child Interactions at Ages 3 and 5. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 33(1), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e31823968ab.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marvin, R. S., Britner, P. A., & Russell, B. S. (2016). Normative development. The ontogeny of attachment in childhood. In Cassidy, J. & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (3rd ed., pp. 273–290). New York, London: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Developmental cascades. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 491–495. doi:10.1017/S0954579410000222CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCullough, P. A. (1999). Effects of Prenatal Drug Exposure and Caregiving Environment on Infant Development (Doctoral dissertation, Retrieved from the Kent State University Interlibrary Loan Department).Google Scholar
McHugh, R. K., Wigderson, S., & Greenfield, S. F. (2014). Epidemiology of substance use in reproductive-age women. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, 41, 177–189. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2014.02.001Google ScholarPubMed
Minnes, S., Lang, A., & Singer, L. (2011). Prenatal tobacco, marijuana, stimulant, and opiate exposure: Outcomes and practice implications. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 6, 57–70.Google ScholarPubMed
Minnes, S., Singer, L. T., Arendt, R., & Satayathum, S. (2005). Effects of prenatal cocaine/polydrug use on maternal-infant feeding interactions during the first year of life. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 26, 194–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monk, C., Lugo-Candelas, C., & Trumpff, C. (2019). Prenatal developmental origins of future psychopathology: Mechanisms and pathways. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 15, 317–344. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095539CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moreland, A. D., & McRae-Clark, A. (2018). Parenting outcomes of parenting interventions in integrated substance-use treatment programs: A systematic review. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 89, 52–59. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2018.03.005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Motyl, M., Demos, A. P., Carsel, T. S., Hanson, B. E., Melton, Z. J., Mueller, A. B., … Skitka, L. J. (2017). The state of social and personality science: Rotten to the core, not so bad, getting better, or getting worse? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113, 34–58. doi:10.1037/pspa0000084CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nair, P., Schuler, M. E., Black, M. M., Kettinger, L., & Harrington, D. (2003). Cumulative environmental risk in substance abusing women: Early intervention, parenting stress, child abuse potential and child development. Child Abuse and Neglect, 27, 997–1017. doi:10.1016/S0145-2134(03)00169-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. (2014). Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Retrieved May 31, 2019, from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-toolsGoogle Scholar
Nichter, M., Greaves, L., Bloch, M., Paglia, M., Scarinci, I., Tolosa, J. E., & Novotny, T. E. (2010). Tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries: The need for social and cultural research. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 89, 465–477. doi:10.3109/00016341003592552CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Connor, M. J., Sigman, M., & Brill, N. (1987). Disorganization of attachment in relation to maternal alcohol consumption. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 831–836.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
*O'Connor, M. J., Kogan, N., & Findlay, R. (2002). Prenatal alcohol exposure and attachment behavior in children. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 26, 1592–1602. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02460.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
*O'Connor, M. J., Sigman, M., & Kasari, C. (1992). Attachment behavior of infants exposed prenatally to alcohol: Mediating effects of infant affect and mother-infant interaction. Development and Psychopathology, 4, 243–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oppenheim, D. (1997). The attachment Doll-play interview for preschoolers. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 20, 681–697. doi:10.1080/016502597385126CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Out, D., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2009). The role of disconnected and extremely insensitive parenting in the development of disorganized attachment: Validation of a new measure. Attachment and Human Development, 11, 419–443. doi:10.1080/14616730903132289CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parolin, M., & Simonelli, A. (2016). Attachment theory and maternal drug addiction: The contribution to parenting interventions. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 7, 1–14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00152CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pigott, T. D., & Polanin, J. R. (2019). Methodological guidance papers: High-quality meta-analysis in a systematic review. Review of Educational Research, 1–23. doi:10.3102/0034654319877153Google Scholar
Reijman, S., Foster, S., & Duschinsky, R. (2018). The infant disorganised attachment classification: “Patterning within the disturbance of coherence”. Social Science and Medicine, 200, 52–58. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.12.034CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riley, E. P., Alejandra Infante, M., & Warren, K. R. (2011). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: An overview. Neuropsychology Review, 21, 73–80. doi:10.1007/s11065-011-9166-xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodning, C., Beckwith, L., & Howard, J. (1989b). Prenatal exposure to drugs and its influence on attachment. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 562, 352–354. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb21036.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
*Rodning, C., Beckwith, L., & Howard, J. (1989a). Characteristics of attachment organization and play organization in prenatally drug-exposed toddlers. Development and Psychopathology, 1, 277–289.Google Scholar
*Rodning, C., Beckwith, L., & Howard, J. (1991). Quality of attachment and home environments in children prenatally exposed to PCP and cocaine. Development and Psychopathology, 3, 351–366. doi:10.1017/S0954579400007562CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rutherford, H. J. V., Maupin, A. N., Landi, N., Potenza, M. N., & Mayes, L. C. (2017). Current tobacco-smoking and neural responses to infant cues in mothers. Parenting: Science and Practice, 17, 1–10. doi:10.1080/15295192.2017.1262176CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rutherford, H. J. V., & Mayes, L. C. (2017). Parenting and addiction: Neurobiological insights. Current Opinion in Psychology, 15, 55–60. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.014CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rutherford, H. J. V., & Mayes, L. C. (2019). Parenting stress: A novel mechanism of addiction vulnerability. Neurobiology of Stress, 11, 100172. doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100172CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rutherford, H. J. V., Williams, S. K., Moy, S., Mayes, L. C., & Johns, J. M. (2011). Disruption of maternal parenting circuitry by addictive process: Rewiring of reward and stress systems. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2, 1–17. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00037CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salo, S., & Flykt, M. (2013). The impact of parental addiction on child development. In Suchman, N. E., Pajulo, M. & Mayes, L. C. (Eds.), Parenting and substance abuse: Developmental approaches to intervention (pp. 195–210). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sameroff, A. (1975). Transactional models in early social relations. Human Development, 18, 65–79. doi:10.1159/000271476CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAMHSA. (2018). National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) 2018 Annual Report: Webcast slides. Retrieved November 4, 2019, from Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration website: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/cbhsq-reports/Assistant-Secretary-nsduh2018_presentation.pdfGoogle Scholar
Schindler, A., & Bröning, S. (2015). A review on attachment and adolescent substance abuse: Empirical evidence and implications for prevention and treatment. Substance Abuse, 36, 304–313. doi:10.1080/08897077.2014.983586CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seifer, R., Lester, B. M., LaGasse, L. L., Tronick, E. Z., Bauer, C. R., Shankaran, S., … Smeriglio, V. (1999). The maternal lifestyle study (MLS): Attachment classification at 18 months corrected age in infants exposed to cocaine/opiates. Pediatric Research, 45, 255. doi:10.1203/00006450-199904020-01516Google Scholar
*Seifer, R., LaGasse, L. L., Lester, B., Bauer, C. R., Shankaran, S., Bada, H. S., … Liu, J. (2004). Attachment status in children prenatally exposed to cocaine and other substances. Child Development, 75, 850–868. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00710.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
*Shurell, M. J. (1998). The relationship of quality of infant attachment to infant information processing ability, prenatal exposure to cocaine, and maternal attitudes and emotions. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 59, 2435.Google Scholar
Simon, P. (2006). Including omission mistakes in the calculation of Cohen's Kappa and an analysis of the coefficient's paradox features. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 765–777. doi:10.1177/0013164405285548CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simpson, J. A., & Belsky, J. (2016). Attachment theory within a modern evolutionary framework. In Cassidy, J. & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (3rd edn, pp. 91–116). New York, London: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Siqveland, T. S., & Moe, V. (2014). Longitudinal development of mother-infant interaction during the first year of life among mothers with substance abuse and psychiatric problems and their infants. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 45, 408–421. doi:10.1007/s10578-013-0411-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sprangler, G., Fremmer-Bombik, E., & Grossmann, K. (1996). Social and individual determinants of infant attachment security and disorganization. Infant Mental Health Journal, 17, 127–139.3.0.CO;2-N>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suchman, N. E., DeCoste, C. L., McMahon, T. J., Dalton, R., Mayes, L. C., & Borelli, J. (2017). Mothering from the inside Out: Results of a second randomized clinical trial testing a mentalization-based intervention for mothers in addiction treatment. Development and Psychopathology, 29, 617–636. doi:10.1017/S0954579417000220CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suchman, N. E., Decoste, C., McMahon, T. J., Rounsaville, B., & Mayes, L. (2011). The Mothers and Toddlers program, an attachment-based parenting intervention for substance-using women: Results at 6-week follow-up in a randomized clinical pilot. Infant Mental Health Journal, 32, 427–449. doi:10.1002/imhj.20303CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suchman, N. E., McMahon, T. J., Slade, A., & Luthar, S. S. (2005). How early bonding, depression, illicit drug use, and perceived support work together to influence drug-dependent mothers’ caregiving. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75, 431–445. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.75.3.431CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Unterrainer, H. F., Hiebler-Ragger, M., Koschutnig, K., Fuchshuber, J., Tscheschner, S., Url, M., … Fink, A. (2017). Addiction as an attachment disorder: White matter impairment is linked to increased negative affective states in poly-drug use. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, 1–11. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00208CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Vereijken, C. M. J. L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Riksen-Walraven, J. M. (2004). Assessing attachment security with the attachment Q sort: Meta-analytic evidence for the validity of the observer AQS. Child Development, 75, 1188–1213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verhage, M. L., Schuengel, C., Madigan, S., Fearon, R. P., Oosterman, M., Cassibba, R., … van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2016). Narrowing the transmission Gap: A synthesis of three decades of research on intergenerational transmission of attachment. Psychological Bulletin, 142, 337–366. doi:10.1037/bul0000038CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wan, M. W., & Green, J. (2009). The impact of maternal psychopathology on child-mother attachment. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 12, 123–134. doi:10.1007/s00737-009-0066-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waters, E., & Deane, K. (1985). Defining and assessing individual differences in attachment relationships: Q-methodology and the organization of behavior in infancy and early childhood. In Bretherton, I., & Waters, E. (Eds.), Growing points of attachment theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development (pp. (pp. 41–65). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Serial No. 209).Google Scholar
Wright, B., Hackney, L., Hughes, E., Barry, M., Glaser, D., Prior, V., … McMillan, D. (2017). Decreasing rates of disorganised attachment in infants and young children, who are at risk of developing, or who already have disorganised attachment. A systematic review and meta-analysis of early parenting interventions. PLoS One, 12, 1–20. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180858CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zuckerman, B., Frank, D. A., & Mayes, L. (2002). Cocaine-exposed infants and developmental outcomes “crack kids” revisited. JAMA, 287, 1990–1991.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Hyysalo et al. supplementary material

Hyysalo et al. supplementary material
Download Hyysalo et al. supplementary material(File)
File 1.2 MB