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Impact of childhood maltreatment and resilience on behavioral and neural patterns of inhibitory control during emotional distraction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2021

Lauren A. Demers Open the ORCID record for Lauren A. Demers [Opens in a new window] ,
Ruskin H. Hunt ,
Dante Cicchetti ,
Julia E. Cohen-Gilbert ,
Fred A. Rogosch ,
Sheree L. Toth  and
Kathleen M. Thomas
Lauren A. Demers*
Affiliation:
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Ruskin H. Hunt
Affiliation:
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Dante Cicchetti
Affiliation:
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Mt Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
Julia E. Cohen-Gilbert
Affiliation:
McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
Fred A. Rogosch
Affiliation:
Mt Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
Sheree L. Toth
Affiliation:
Mt Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
Kathleen M. Thomas
Affiliation:
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
*
Author for Correspondence: Lauren A. Demers, Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Exposure to childhood maltreatment (CM) may disrupt typical development of neural systems underlying impulse control and emotion regulation. Yet resilient outcomes are observed in some individuals exposed to CM. Individual differences in adult functioning may result from variation in inhibitory control in the context of emotional distractions, underpinned by cognitive–affective brain circuits. Thirty-eight healthy adults with a history of substantiated CM and 34 nonmaltreated adults from the same longitudinal sample performed a Go/No-Go task in which task-relevant stimuli (letters) were presented at the center of task-irrelevant, negative, or neutral images, while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. The comparison group, but not the maltreated group, made increased inhibitory control errors in the context of negative, but not neutral, distractor images. In addition, the comparison group had greater right inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral frontal pole activation during inhibitory control blocks with negative compared to neutral background images relative to the CM group. Across the full sample, greater adaptive functioning in everyday contexts was associated with superior inhibitory control and greater right frontal pole activation. Results suggest that resilience following early adversity is associated with enhanced attention and behavioral regulation in the context of task-irrelevant negative emotional stimuli in a laboratory setting.

Keywords

childhood maltreatmentemotionimpulsivityinhibitory controlprefrontal cortex
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 34 , Issue 4 , October 2022 , pp. 1260 - 1271
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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