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Friendship and social functioning following early institutional rearing: The role of ADHD symptoms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 December 2018

Kathryn L. Humphreys Open the ORCID record for Kathryn L. Humphreys [Opens in a new window] ,
Laurel Gabard-Durnam ,
Bonnie Goff ,
Eva H. Telzer ,
Jessica Flannery ,
Dylan G. Gee ,
Valentina Park ,
Steve S. Lee  and
Nim Tottenham
Kathryn L. Humphreys*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
Laurel Gabard-Durnam
Affiliation:
Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
Bonnie Goff
Affiliation:
University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Eva H. Telzer
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Jessica Flannery
Affiliation:
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
Dylan G. Gee
Affiliation:
Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Valentina Park
Affiliation:
University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
Steve S. Lee
Affiliation:
University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Nim Tottenham
Affiliation:
Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Kathryn L. Humphreys, Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Peabody College, 230 Appleton Place #552, Nashville, TN 37203; E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Early institutional rearing is associated with increased risk for subsequent peer relationship difficulties, but the underlying mechanisms have not been identified. Friendship characteristics, social behaviors with peers, normed assessments of social problems, and social cue use were assessed in 142 children (mean age = 10.06, SD = 2.02; range 7–13 years), of whom 67 were previously institutionalized (PI), and 75 were raised by their biological families. Anxiety and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, often elevated among PI children, were examined as potential mediators of PI status and baseline social functioning and longitudinal follow-ups (2 and 4 years later). Twenty-seven percent of PI children fell above the Child Behavior Checklist Social Problems cutoff. An examination of specific social behaviors with peers indicated that PI and comparison children did not differ in empathic concern or peer social approach, though parents were more likely to endorse aggression/overarousal as a reason that PI children might struggle with friendships. Comparison children outperformed PI children in computerized testing of social cue use learning. Finally, across these measures, social difficulties exhibited in the PI group were mediated by ADHD symptoms with predicted social problems assessed 4 years later. These findings show that, when PI children struggle with friendships, mechanisms involving attention and behavior regulation are likely contributors.

Keywords

ADHDinstitutional careinstitutional rearingsocial problems
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 31 , Issue 4 , October 2019 , pp. 1477 - 1487
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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