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Different factors predict adolescent substance use versus adult substance abuse: Lessons from a social-developmental approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 June 2020

Joseph P. Allen Open the ORCID record for Joseph P. Allen [Opens in a new window] ,
Emily L. Loeb ,
Rachel K. Narr  and
Meghan A. Costello
Joseph P. Allen*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Emily L. Loeb
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Rachel K. Narr
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Meghan A. Costello
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Joseph P. Allen, P.O. Box 400, Charlottesville, VA 22904; E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

This 17-year prospective study applied a social-developmental lens to the challenge of distinguishing predictors of adolescent-era substance use from predictors of longer term adult substance use problems. A diverse community sample of 168 individuals was repeatedly assessed from age 13 to age 30 using test, self-, parent-, and peer-report methods. As hypothesized, substance use within adolescence was linked to a range of likely transient social and developmental factors that are particularly salient during the adolescent era, including popularity with peers, peer substance use, parent–adolescent conflict, and broader patterns of deviant behavior. Substance abuse problems at ages 27–30 were best predicted, even after accounting for levels of substance use in adolescence, by adolescent-era markers of underlying deficits, including lack of social skills and poor self-concept. The factors that best predicted levels of adolescent-era substance use were not generally predictive of adult substance abuse problems in multivariate models (either with or without accounting for baseline levels of use). Results are interpreted as suggesting that recognizing the developmental nature of adolescent-era substance use may be crucial to distinguishing factors that predict socially driven and/or relatively transient use during adolescence from factors that predict long-term problems with substance abuse that extend well into adulthood.

Keywords

Adolescent substance useadult substance usepeer predictorsfamily conflictlongitudinal prediction
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 33 , Issue 3 , August 2021 , pp. 792 - 802
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020

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