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Developmental pathways to social anxiety and irritability: The role of the ERN

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 October 2019

Courtney A. Filippi ,
Anni R. Subar ,
Jessica F. Sachs ,
Katharina Kircanski ,
George Buzzell ,
David Pagliaccio ,
Rany Abend ,
Nathan A. Fox ,
Ellen Leibenluft  and
Daniel S. Pine
Courtney A. Filippi*
Affiliation:
Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
Anni R. Subar
Affiliation:
Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
Jessica F. Sachs
Affiliation:
Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
Katharina Kircanski
Affiliation:
Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
George Buzzell
Affiliation:
Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742, USA
David Pagliaccio
Affiliation:
Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY10032, USA
Rany Abend
Affiliation:
Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
Nathan A. Fox
Affiliation:
Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742, USA
Ellen Leibenluft
Affiliation:
Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
Daniel S. Pine
Affiliation:
Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
*
Author for Correspondence: Courtney Filippi, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Early behaviors that differentiate later biomarkers for psychopathology can guide preventive efforts while also facilitating pathophysiological research. We tested whether error-related negativity (ERN) moderates the link between early behavior and later psychopathology in two early childhood phenotypes: behavioral inhibition and irritability. From ages 2 to 7 years, children (n = 291) were assessed longitudinally for behavioral inhibition (BI) and irritability. Behavioral inhibition was assessed via maternal report and behavioral responses to novelty. Childhood irritability was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist. At age 12, an electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded while children performed a flanker task to measure ERN, a neural indicator of error monitoring. Clinical assessments of anxiety and irritability were conducted using questionnaires (i.e., Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders and Affective Reactivity Index) and clinical interviews. Error monitoring interacted with early BI and early irritability to predict later psychopathology. Among children with high BI, an enhanced ERN predicted greater social anxiety at age 12. In contrast, children with high childhood irritability and blunted ERN predicted greater irritability at age 12. This converges with previous work and provides novel insight into the specificity of pathways associated with psychopathology.

Keywords

behavioral inhibitiondevelopmental pathwaysERNirritabilitypsychopathology
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 32 , Issue 3 , August 2020 , pp. 897 - 907
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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