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Bidirectional and transactional relationships between parenting styles and child symptoms of ADHD, ODD, depression, and anxiety over 6 years

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 June 2021

Anna E. S. Allmann Open the ORCID record for Anna E. S. Allmann [Opens in a new window] ,
Daniel N. Klein  and
Daniel C. Kopala-Sibley
Anna E. S. Allmann*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
Daniel N. Klein
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
Daniel C. Kopala-Sibley
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
*
Author for Correspondence: Anna E.S. Allmann, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University; E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

It is well established that mothers’ parenting impacts children's adjustment. However, much less is known about how children's psychopathology impacts their mothers’ parenting and how parenting and child symptoms relate either bidirectionally (i.e., a relationship in both directions over two time points) or transactionally (i.e., a process that unfolds over time) to one another over a span of several years. In addition, relatively little research addresses the role of fathers’ parenting in the development of children's symptoms and, conversely, how children may elicit certain types of parenting from fathers. In this study, data were collected from 491 families on mothers’ and fathers’ parenting styles (authoritarianism, authoritativeness, permissiveness, and overprotectiveness) and children's symptoms of psychopathology (attention deficit, oppositional defiant, depression, and anxiety) when children were age 3, 6, and 9 years old. Cross-lagged panel analyses revealed that parents and children affected one another in a bidirectional and transactional fashion over the course of the six years studied. Results suggest that children's symptoms may compound over time partially because they reduce exposure to adaptive and increase exposure to maladaptive parenting styles. Likewise, maladaptive parenting may persist over time due to the persistence of children's symptoms.

Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 34 , Issue 4 , October 2022 , pp. 1400 - 1411
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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