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The contributions of early adverse experiences and trajectories of respiratory sinus arrhythmia on the development of neurobehavioral disinhibition among children with prenatal substance exposure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 June 2014

Elisabeth Conradt ,
David Degarmo ,
Phil Fisher ,
Beau Abar ,
Barry M. Lester ,
Linda L. Lagasse ,
Seetha Shankaran ,
Henrietta Bada ,
Charles R. Bauer  and
Toni M. Whitaker
...Show all authors
Elisabeth Conradt*
Affiliation:
Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
David Degarmo
Affiliation:
Oregon Social Learning Center University of Oregon
Phil Fisher
Affiliation:
Oregon Social Learning Center University of Oregon
Beau Abar
Affiliation:
Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island
Barry M. Lester
Affiliation:
Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University University of Oregon
Linda L. Lagasse
Affiliation:
Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University University of Oregon
Seetha Shankaran
Affiliation:
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Henrietta Bada
Affiliation:
University of Kentucky College of Medicine
Charles R. Bauer
Affiliation:
University of Miami
Toni M. Whitaker
Affiliation:
University of Tennessee
Jane A. Hammond
Affiliation:
Research Triangle Institute
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Elisabeth Conradt, Brown Center for the Study of Children At Risk, 50 Holden Street, Providence, RI 02908; E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Neurobehavioral disinhibition (ND) is a complex condition reflecting a wide range of problems involving difficulties with emotion regulation and behavior control. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a physiological correlate of emotion regulation that has been studied in a variety of at-risk populations; however, there are no studies of RSA in children with ND. Data were drawn from a prospective longitudinal study of prenatal substance exposure that included 1,073 participants. Baseline RSA and RSA reactivity to an attention-demanding task were assessed at 3, 4, 5, and 6 years. ND was assessed at ages 8/9, 11, and 13/14 years via behavioral dysregulation and executive dysfunction composite measures. Greater exposure to early adversity was related to less RSA reactivity at 3 years, increases in RSA reactivity from ages 3 to 6 years, and increased behavioral dysregulation from ages 8/9 to 13/14. RSA reactivity was examined as a moderator of the association between early adversity and changes in ND. A significant Early Adversity × RSA Reactivity quadratic interaction revealed that children with decelerations in RSA reactivity exhibited increases in behavioral dysregulation, regardless of their exposure to early adversity. However, greater exposure to early adversity was related to greater increases in behavioral dysregulation, but only if children exhibited accelerations in RSA reactivity from ages 3 to 6 years. The results contribute to our understanding of how interactions across multiple levels of analysis contribute to the development of ND.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 26 , Issue 4pt1 , November 2014 , pp. 901 - 916
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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