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Mass and Volume Conservation in Phase Field Models for Binary Fluids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2015

Jie Shen ,
Xiaofeng Yang  and
Qi Wang
Jie Shen*
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 46907, USA
Xiaofeng Yang*
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics and NanoCenter at USC, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29028, USA
Qi Wang*
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics and NanoCenter at USC, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29028, USA School of Mathematics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR. China Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100084, PR. China
*
Email:[email protected]
Email:[email protected]
*Corresponding author.Email:[email protected]
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Abstract

The commonly used incompressible phase field models for non-reactive, binary fluids, in which the Cahn-Hilliard equation is used for the transport of phase variables (volume fractions), conserve the total volume of each phase as well as the material volume, but do not conserve the mass of the fluid mixture when densities of two components are different. In this paper, we formulate the phase field theory for mixtures of two incompressible fluids, consistent with the quasi-compressible theory [28], to ensure conservation of mass and momentum for the fluid mixture in addition to conservation of volume for each fluid phase. In this formulation, the mass-average velocity is no longer divergence-free (solenoidal) when densities of two components in the mixture are not equal, making it a compressible model subject to an internal con-straint. In one formulation of the compressible models with internal constraints (model 2), energy dissipation can be clearly established. An efficient numerical method is then devised to enforce this compressible internal constraint. Numerical simulations in confined geometries for both compressible and the incompressible models are carried out using spatially high order spectral methods to contrast the model predictions. Numerical comparisons show that (a) predictions by the two models agree qualitatively in the situation where the interfacial mixing layer is thin; and (b) predictions differ significantly in binary fluid mixtures undergoing mixing with a large mixing zone. The numerical study delineates the limitation of the commonly used incompressible phase field model using volume fractions and thereby cautions its predictive value in simulating well-mixed binary fluids.

Keywords

65M7076M2276T99Phase field modelcompressibilitymultiphase fluid flowsspectral methods
Type
Research Article
Information
Communications in Computational Physics , Volume 13 , Issue 4 , April 2013 , pp. 1045 - 1065
Copyright
Copyright © Global Science Press Limited 2013

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