Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 November 2014
Recognizing the nonmotor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) is necessary to determine effective treatment regimens and achieve patients' maximum mobility, as well as enhance their quality of life. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) is a useful tool for the clinician in evaluating the entire patient. In this article, the nonmotor disorders related to PD are reviewed, with specific attention to the first and last sections of the UPDRS, which cover mentation and complications of therapy, respectively. Various treatment regimens for these nonmotor symptoms are presented. Other autonomic nervous system symptoms associated with PD, which are not assessed in the UPDRS, are also discussed.