Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T21:03:41.002Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Neurodevelopmental Disorders (ASD and ADHD): DSM-5, ICD-10, and ICD-11

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2016

Ellen Doernberg  and
Eric Hollander
Ellen Doernberg
Affiliation:
Autism and Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Program and the Anxiety and Depression Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
Eric Hollander*
Affiliation:
Autism and Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Program and the Anxiety and Depression Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
*
*Address for correspondence: Eric Hollander, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, 111 E. 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. (Email: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Neurodevelopmental disorders, specifically autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have undergone considerable diagnostic evolution in the past decade. In the United States, the current system in place is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), whereas worldwide, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) serves as a general medical system. This review will examine the differences in neurodevelopmental disorders between these two systems. First, we will review the important revisions made from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) to the DSM-5, with respect to ASD and ADHD. Next, we will cover the similarities and differences between ASD and ADHD classification in the DSM-5 and the ICD-10, and how these differences may have an effect on neurodevelopmental disorder diagnostics and classification. By examining the changes made for the DSM-5 in 2013, and critiquing the current ICD-10 system, we can help to anticipate and advise on the upcoming ICD-11, due to come online in 2017. Overall, this review serves to highlight the importance of progress towards complementary diagnostic classification systems, keeping in mind the difference in tradition and purpose of the DSM and the ICD, and that these systems are dynamic and changing as more is learned about neurodevelopmental disorders and their underlying etiology. Finally this review will discuss alternative diagnostic approaches, such as the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, which links symptom domains to underlying biological and neurological mechanisms. The incorporation of new diagnostic directions could have a great effect on treatment development and insurance coverage for neurodevelopmental disorders worldwide.

Keywords

ASDADHDclassificationdiagnosticsDSM-5ICD-10ICD-11neurodevelopmentalRDoC
Type
Review Articles
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 21 , Special Issue 4: Nosology in DSM5 vs. ICD , August 2016 , pp. 295 - 299
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Harris, JC. New classification for neurodevelopmental disorders in DSM-5. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2014; 27(2): 95–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2. Eapen, V, Crncec, R. DSM-5 and psychiatric disorders: what is new? What has changed? Asian J Psychiatry. 2014; 11: 114–118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3. Van Herwegen, J, Riby, D, Eds. Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Research Challenges and Solutions. New York: Psychology Press; 2015.Google Scholar
4. King, BH, Navot, N, Bernier, R, Webb, SJ. Update on diagnostic classification in autism. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2014; 27(2): 105–109.Google Scholar
5. Volkmar, FR, State, M, Klin, A. Autism and autism spectrum disorders: diagnostic issues for the coming decade. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2009; 50(1–2): 108–115.Google Scholar
6. Wilson, EC, Gillan, N, Spain, D, et al. Comparison of ICD-10R, DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 in an adult spectrum disorder diagnostic clinic. J Autism Dev Disord. 2013; 43(11): 2515–2525.Google Scholar
7 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.Google Scholar
8. Rutter, M. Research Review: Child psychiatric diagnosis and classification, concepts, findings, challenges and potential. J Child Psychiatry Psychol. 2011; 52(6): 647–660.Google Scholar
9. Baird, G. Classification of diseases and the neurodevelopmental disorders: the challenge for DSM-5 and ICD-11. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2013; 55(3): 200–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10 World Health Organization. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1992.Google Scholar
11 International Classification of Diseases and related Health Problems 10th Revision, 2015. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2015/en Google Scholar
12. Levy, F. DSM-5, ICD-11, RDoC and ADHD diagnosis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2014; 48(12): 1163–1169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13. Kessler, RC, Green, JG, Adler, LA, et al. Structure and diagnosis of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: analysis of expanded symptom criteria from the adult ADHD clinical diagnostic scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010; 87(11): 1168–1178.Google Scholar
14. Bakker, PR, Wichers, M, van Harten, PN, Myin-Germeys, I, Delespaul, P, van Os, J. Novel directions for psychiatric diagnosis: from psychopathology to motor function to monitoring technology. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2013; 22(4): 289–295.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15 First, MB. The National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project: mving towards a neuroscience-based classification in psychiatry. In Kendler KS, Parnas J (eds), Philosophical Issues in Psychiatry II: Nosology (pp. 18–22). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
16. Casey, BJ, Oliveri, ME, Insel, T. A neurodevelopmental perspective on the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework. Biol Psychiatry. 2014; 76(5): 350–353.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17. Andrews, G, Goldberg, DP, Krueger, RF, et al. Exploring the feasibility of a meta-structure for DSM-V and ICD-11: could it improve utility and validity? Psychol Med. 2009; 39(12): 1993–2000.Google Scholar